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| {{:techtalk:ref:tools:torque-length_times_force_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&400|}} ((drawing by Hippysmack)) \\ | {{:techtalk:ref:tools:torque-length_times_force_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&400|}} ((drawing by Hippysmack)) \\ | ||
| - | ====== Is a Torque Wrench Really Necessary? ====== | ||
| + | ====== Is a Torque Wrench Really Necessary? ====== | ||
| * **Best answer is, if there is a torque spec written in the manual, it's best to use a torque wrench on that fastener**. \\ The torque values are written so you don't break parts while installing things. \\ Arrogance when wrenching can end up with broken bolts and parts. \\ Some have the gift of 'feel' and claim to have never broken or stripped a bolt. \\ That's fine. But not everyone that has a Sportster has the gift of 'feel'. \\ Getting your education from a broken engine case is expensive and counter-productive. | * **Best answer is, if there is a torque spec written in the manual, it's best to use a torque wrench on that fastener**. \\ The torque values are written so you don't break parts while installing things. \\ Arrogance when wrenching can end up with broken bolts and parts. \\ Some have the gift of 'feel' and claim to have never broken or stripped a bolt. \\ That's fine. But not everyone that has a Sportster has the gift of 'feel'. \\ Getting your education from a broken engine case is expensive and counter-productive. | ||
| * Some people strip threads with torque wrenches. It depends on the person using the wrench. ((Oldwrench of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/79363-spark-plug-torque?t=576459)) \\ Some people use torque wrenches properly to avoid either under or over-tightening fasteners and other threaded devices. \\ A torque wrench allows you to know rather than estimate how tight you've gone. \\ Is it necessary to use a torque wrench on spark plugs? \\ Not absolutely. It's just a very good method to avoid over-tightening and possibly pulling the threads in an aluminum head. | * Some people strip threads with torque wrenches. It depends on the person using the wrench. ((Oldwrench of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/79363-spark-plug-torque?t=576459)) \\ Some people use torque wrenches properly to avoid either under or over-tightening fasteners and other threaded devices. \\ A torque wrench allows you to know rather than estimate how tight you've gone. \\ Is it necessary to use a torque wrench on spark plugs? \\ Not absolutely. It's just a very good method to avoid over-tightening and possibly pulling the threads in an aluminum head. | ||
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| ======= Torque Wrench Maintenance ======= | ======= Torque Wrench Maintenance ======= | ||
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| The more often a torque wrench is used the faster it will wear or go out of calibration. \\ | The more often a torque wrench is used the faster it will wear or go out of calibration. \\ | ||
| Monitoring the number of cycles per day or total hours that a tool is used is the most accurate way to establish proper maintenance intervals. ((https://www.mountztorque.com/Preventive-Maintenance-for-a-Torque-Wrench)) \\ | Monitoring the number of cycles per day or total hours that a tool is used is the most accurate way to establish proper maintenance intervals. ((https://www.mountztorque.com/Preventive-Maintenance-for-a-Torque-Wrench)) \\ | ||
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| ====== Torque Wrench and Accuracy ====== | ====== Torque Wrench and Accuracy ====== | ||
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| Accuracy across multiple bolts across a piece; \\ | Accuracy across multiple bolts across a piece; \\ | ||
| Parts with multiple bolts to accomplish clamp force across the entire part (covers, head etc.) require all bolts to end up the same torque. \\ | Parts with multiple bolts to accomplish clamp force across the entire part (covers, head etc.) require all bolts to end up the same torque. \\ | ||
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| ====== Using a Torque Wrench ====== | ====== Using a Torque Wrench ====== | ||
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| Proper torque procedures were used to initially build your bike. Skipping any of the advice below should be done at your own risk. \\ | Proper torque procedures were used to initially build your bike. Skipping any of the advice below should be done at your own risk. \\ | ||
| Many engine tear-downs are the result of too much torque (or hunkering down) on a nut or bolt. Don't let it be you. \\ | Many engine tear-downs are the result of too much torque (or hunkering down) on a nut or bolt. Don't let it be you. \\ | ||
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| ====== Will Using Extension / Adapters Change Torque Applied? ====== | ====== Will Using Extension / Adapters Change Torque Applied? ====== | ||
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| * Socket extensions to lengthen the distance vertically from the drive end to the socket do not affect the accuracy of final torque. \\ That is if they’re used properly, and you’re using your torque wrench correctly. ((https://agradetools.com/torque-wrench-myth-busted/)) \\ | * Socket extensions to lengthen the distance vertically from the drive end to the socket do not affect the accuracy of final torque. \\ That is if they’re used properly, and you’re using your torque wrench correctly. ((https://agradetools.com/torque-wrench-myth-busted/)) \\ | ||
| * You're applying a torque at one end, and the bolt is applying a counter-torque at the other end. \\ If the extension is not in the process of being twisted to a greater extent then it already has been, \\ then the torques at both ends must be the same in magnitude but opposite in direction. \\ (If the torques were not equal, the extension would be twisting more.) \\ Then by Newton's third law (more or less), \\ the torque being applied by the socket to the bolt is the same as (but opposite) as the counter-torque being applied by the bolt to the socket. ((https://www.finishing.com/118/94_crows_foot_torque.shtml)) | * You're applying a torque at one end, and the bolt is applying a counter-torque at the other end. \\ If the extension is not in the process of being twisted to a greater extent then it already has been, \\ then the torques at both ends must be the same in magnitude but opposite in direction. \\ (If the torques were not equal, the extension would be twisting more.) \\ Then by Newton's third law (more or less), \\ the torque being applied by the socket to the bolt is the same as (but opposite) as the counter-torque being applied by the bolt to the socket. ((https://www.finishing.com/118/94_crows_foot_torque.shtml)) | ||
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| ===== Drive Extensions (horizontal to the wrench) ===== | ===== Drive Extensions (horizontal to the wrench) ===== | ||
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| * **An extension that increases the length of the wrench at the drive end will change the final torque applied**. | * **An extension that increases the length of the wrench at the drive end will change the final torque applied**. | ||
| * These are usually considered methods to extend the length of the wrench (in a linear plane). | * These are usually considered methods to extend the length of the wrench (in a linear plane). | ||
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| ==== Calculation for Length Extensions ==== | ==== Calculation for Length Extensions ==== | ||
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| * **Measurements**: | * **Measurements**: | ||
| * Torque is measured at the socket (drive center) axis. \\ It does not depend on the length of the wrench handle. \\ That only affects the amount of pressure you have to exert to achieve a particular torque. | * Torque is measured at the socket (drive center) axis. \\ It does not depend on the length of the wrench handle. \\ That only affects the amount of pressure you have to exert to achieve a particular torque. | ||
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| ===== Socket Extensions / Adapters (vertical to the wrench) ===== | ===== Socket Extensions / Adapters (vertical to the wrench) ===== | ||
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| * **Socket extensions or adapters do not change the length of the drive (center) axis or the final torque**. | * **Socket extensions or adapters do not change the length of the drive (center) axis or the final torque**. | ||
| * Socket extensions come in a variety of drive sizes and lengths. | * Socket extensions come in a variety of drive sizes and lengths. | ||
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| ===== Swivel or Universal Joint (off center by default) ===== | ===== Swivel or Universal Joint (off center by default) ===== | ||
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| * **A swivel, used with a torque wrench, can be detrimental to achieving even accurate torque**. | * **A swivel, used with a torque wrench, can be detrimental to achieving even accurate torque**. | ||
| * A swivel is a great little tool for getting into areas where a straight run at a nut / bolt is hindered by obstacles near it (whether by the frame, wheels etc). | * A swivel is a great little tool for getting into areas where a straight run at a nut / bolt is hindered by obstacles near it (whether by the frame, wheels etc). | ||
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| ===== Crows Foot ===== | ===== Crows Foot ===== | ||
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| Any force that is applied that isn’t at a 90° angle will change the applied torque to the fastener. ((https://agradetools.com/torque-wrench-myth-busted/)) \\ | Any force that is applied that isn’t at a 90° angle will change the applied torque to the fastener. ((https://agradetools.com/torque-wrench-myth-busted/)) \\ | ||
| When you put a crows foot on a torque wrench and use it long-ways, the torque applied to the fastener increases. \\ | When you put a crows foot on a torque wrench and use it long-ways, the torque applied to the fastener increases. \\ | ||
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| {{:techtalk:ref:tools:torque_with_a_crows_foot_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) \\ | {{:techtalk:ref:tools:torque_with_a_crows_foot_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) \\ | ||
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| ====== A Torque Wrench Does Not Break Bolts ====== | ====== A Torque Wrench Does Not Break Bolts ====== | ||
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| ====== Clamp Force ====== | ====== Clamp Force ====== | ||
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| The first 5 threads of a bolt does all of the work with the first 3 doing about 80% of the holding. All other threads are just along for the ride. ((bustert of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/79363-spark-plug-torque/page2?t=576459&page=2)) \\ | The first 5 threads of a bolt does all of the work with the first 3 doing about 80% of the holding. All other threads are just along for the ride. ((bustert of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/79363-spark-plug-torque/page2?t=576459&page=2)) \\ | ||
| Look at the length of a standard nut. ((Hippysmack)) \\ | Look at the length of a standard nut. ((Hippysmack)) \\ | ||
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| ====== A Word on Torque and Re-using Bolts ====== | ====== A Word on Torque and Re-using Bolts ====== | ||
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| * **There are many bolts on a Sportster that the MoCo writes in the FSM to discard and replace them with new ones**. | * **There are many bolts on a Sportster that the MoCo writes in the FSM to discard and replace them with new ones**. | ||
| * How many of those bolts get reused? How many of those have been tightened too much before, that now seem to be breaking? | * How many of those bolts get reused? How many of those have been tightened too much before, that now seem to be breaking? | ||
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| \\ | \\ | ||
| {{:techtalk:ref:tools:broken_bolts_by_jeeperjay.jpeg?direct&300|}} ((photo by JeeperJay of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-motor-top-end/122781-broken-bolt-for-lower-rocker-box-what-options/page2?t=1210515&highlight=rocker+box+bolts&page=2)) \\ | {{:techtalk:ref:tools:broken_bolts_by_jeeperjay.jpeg?direct&300|}} ((photo by JeeperJay of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-motor-top-end/122781-broken-bolt-for-lower-rocker-box-what-options/page2?t=1210515&highlight=rocker+box+bolts&page=2)) \\ | ||
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| ====== Torque Range ====== | ====== Torque Range ====== | ||
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| Torque specifications are normally stated within a range and not a specific number. The range is given to accommodate these factors. \\ | Torque specifications are normally stated within a range and not a specific number. The range is given to accommodate these factors. \\ | ||
| * **When the nut on a bolt is tightened**; ((Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition dated 2004 pg 1509)) | * **When the nut on a bolt is tightened**; ((Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition dated 2004 pg 1509)) | ||
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| ====== Conversion Charts ====== | ====== Conversion Charts ====== | ||
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| Here is an [[https://www.mountztorque.com/torque-conversion-calculator|online conversion chart from Mountz]] \\ | Here is an [[https://www.mountztorque.com/torque-conversion-calculator|online conversion chart from Mountz]] \\ | ||
| Below are some conversion charts from Applifast ((https://applifast.com/resources/applifast-conversion-tables/)) \\ | Below are some conversion charts from Applifast ((https://applifast.com/resources/applifast-conversion-tables/)) \\ | ||
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| ======= General Torque Specs ======= | ======= General Torque Specs ======= | ||
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| * In lieu of having torque specs at hand, below are general torque specs for different fasteners. However, nothing takes place of manufacturer torque specs for your specific applications. The torque numbers reflect pressures the bolts can take which doesn't take into account the amount of clamp force for the piece(s) you are clamping (or an aluminum engine). So, it's hard to trust the charts that give a torque values for bolts of a certain size, and then do not specify if the bolt is going into steel or aluminum. With steel bolts going into aluminum (engines), 'ya gotta be careful. ((IronMick of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/191918-reassembling-crankcase/page2?t=2048954&highlight=torque+wrench&page=2)) | * In lieu of having torque specs at hand, below are general torque specs for different fasteners. However, nothing takes place of manufacturer torque specs for your specific applications. The torque numbers reflect pressures the bolts can take which doesn't take into account the amount of clamp force for the piece(s) you are clamping (or an aluminum engine). So, it's hard to trust the charts that give a torque values for bolts of a certain size, and then do not specify if the bolt is going into steel or aluminum. With steel bolts going into aluminum (engines), 'ya gotta be careful. ((IronMick of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/191918-reassembling-crankcase/page2?t=2048954&highlight=torque+wrench&page=2)) | ||
| - | * Good engineering books, covering fasteners, will describe the situation in full (bolt diameter, thread pitch, bolt coatings, lubrication used etc.). A lot more information than most of us ever use. Also, in the back of some motorcycle manuals you sometimes will find charts listing common bolts and torque settings. Best to take them with a grain of salt, however. ((Ferrous Head of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=2048954&highlight=torque+wrench&page=2)) | + | * Good engineering books, covering fasteners, will describe the situation in full (bolt diameter, thread pitch, bolt coatings, lubrication used etc.). A lot more information than most of us ever use. Also, in the back of some motorcycle manuals you sometimes will find charts listing common bolts and torque settings. Best to take them with a grain of salt, however. ((Ferrous Head of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/191918-reassembling-crankcase/page2?t=2048954&highlight=torque+wrench&page=2)) |
| * In fact, there are no torque specs for the motor mount bolts in the 57-78 FSMs. \\ And there is only value in the 79-85 FSM (rear motor mounting bolt-nut: 16 to 24 ft lbs). \\ For the rest, there is a "General Fastener Tightening Specifications" chart in the 70-78 and 79-85 FSMs. ((1970-1978 HD Sportster XL/XLH/XLGH/XLT-1000 FSM pg 1-13)) \\ It lists general torque values for bolt types but not specific mounting bolts. \\ It also says to torque to these values given in the table unless specified otherwise. \\ However, these are steel to steel fasteners. \\ According to the chart, a 1/4" grade 8 bolt is listed as taking a torque of 14 ft/lbs. \\ 1/4" bolts are also used on cam covers and primary covers (90-110 in/lbs (9 ft/lbs) on the 1/4" oil pump bolts) \\ 14 ft/lbs is too much torque, not for the bolts, but for the aluminum threads in the case. | * In fact, there are no torque specs for the motor mount bolts in the 57-78 FSMs. \\ And there is only value in the 79-85 FSM (rear motor mounting bolt-nut: 16 to 24 ft lbs). \\ For the rest, there is a "General Fastener Tightening Specifications" chart in the 70-78 and 79-85 FSMs. ((1970-1978 HD Sportster XL/XLH/XLGH/XLT-1000 FSM pg 1-13)) \\ It lists general torque values for bolt types but not specific mounting bolts. \\ It also says to torque to these values given in the table unless specified otherwise. \\ However, these are steel to steel fasteners. \\ According to the chart, a 1/4" grade 8 bolt is listed as taking a torque of 14 ft/lbs. \\ 1/4" bolts are also used on cam covers and primary covers (90-110 in/lbs (9 ft/lbs) on the 1/4" oil pump bolts) \\ 14 ft/lbs is too much torque, not for the bolts, but for the aluminum threads in the case. | ||
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| ===== Dry Torque Specs ft/lb ===== | ===== Dry Torque Specs ft/lb ===== | ||
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| * Convert ft/lb to N*m by multiplying by 1.3558 ((Clymer 2004-2013 HD Sportster Repair Manual)) | * Convert ft/lb to N*m by multiplying by 1.3558 ((Clymer 2004-2013 HD Sportster Repair Manual)) | ||
| * Fastener strength of SAE bolts can be determined by the bolt head grade markings. Unmarked bolt heads are usually mild steel. More grade markings indicate higher strength fasteners. For instance, grade 5 may have three hash marks from the center out to the edge, grade 7 may have five hash marks and grade 8 should have 6 hash marks.((Clymer 2004-2013 HD Sportster Repair Manual)) | * Fastener strength of SAE bolts can be determined by the bolt head grade markings. Unmarked bolt heads are usually mild steel. More grade markings indicate higher strength fasteners. For instance, grade 5 may have three hash marks from the center out to the edge, grade 7 may have five hash marks and grade 8 should have 6 hash marks.((Clymer 2004-2013 HD Sportster Repair Manual)) | ||
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| ===== Wet/Dry Charts from Applifast ===== | ===== Wet/Dry Charts from Applifast ===== | ||
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| ^ INCH BOLT TORQUE TABLE (SAE J429 and ASME 574) ||||||| ^ METRIC BOLT TORQUE TABLE (ISO 898) ||||||| | ^ INCH BOLT TORQUE TABLE (SAE J429 and ASME 574) ||||||| ^ METRIC BOLT TORQUE TABLE (ISO 898) ||||||| | ||
| |Steel Grade|SAE 5||SAE 8||Socket Head \\ Cap Screw|| |Property Class|8.8||10.9||12.9 Socket Head \\ Cap Screw|| | |Steel Grade|SAE 5||SAE 8||Socket Head \\ Cap Screw|| |Property Class|8.8||10.9||12.9 Socket Head \\ Cap Screw|| | ||
