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====== PlayGround ======

[[:techtalk:menu|{{  :techtalk:gototechnicalmenu.jpg|}}]]
====== EVO: Oiling & Lubrication ======
====== Engine Oil System ======
The Sportster Oiling Cycle is defined in the FSMs. \\
However, that description is vague in some of the intricate transitions of the oil path in the engine. \\
This page is an attempt to clarify some of the gray areas from the FSM's descriptions with further description and pictures. ((Hippysmack of the XLFORUM )) \\

Links to other Oiling pages in the Sportsterpedia: \\
  * [[techtalk:evo:oil02|Engine Oil Routes]]
  * [[techtalk:ref:oil05|Engine and Primary Oil System Modifications]]
  * [[techtalk:ref:oil04#sportster_oil_pressure_57_to_present|Sportster Oil Pressure (57 to Present)]]
  * [[techtalk:ref:oil15|Installing an Oil Pressure Gauge]]

A good discussion on the XLFORUM including rubbermount crankcase pressure: [[https://www.xlforum.net/forum/vendors/nrhs-high-performance/33374-04s-and-up-and-oil-use?t=59421&highlight=piston+oiler|04s and up and oil use]]. \\

**Oil Path Drawings**: Click on a drawing below to enlarge: \\

|  86-90 engines ((drawing by Hippysmack))  |  91 engines ((drawing by Hippysmack))  |
|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:86-90_sportster_feed-return_oil_paths_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:91_sportster_feed-return_oil_paths_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|

| 92-97 engines ((drawing by Hippysmack))  |  98-03 engines ((drawing by Hippysmack))  | 04 and Up XL engines ((drawing by Hippysmack))  |
|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:92-97_sportster_feed-return_oil_paths_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:98-03_sportster_feed-return_oil_paths_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:04_and_up_sportster_feed-return_oil_paths_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|

====== Oil Feed System ======
**Oil is gravity fed from the oil tank to the oil pump.** What that means is since the oil tank is higher than the pump, gravity pushes oil down to the pump inlet but not into the motor. It's basically a byproduct of hanging the tank above the pump. Gravity does assist pump suction however. \\
[[techtalk:ref:oil21#oil_tank_head_pressure|Click Here]] to read more on calculating Oil Tank Head Pressure at the pump in the REF section of the Sportsterpedia. \\

**Pressure from gravity constantly pushes oil to the pump's inlet which helps the pump pick up oil through suction from there**. \\
The higher the oil tank sits, the higher the oil level sits which increases the NPSHA which is the (Net Positive Suction Head Available) to the pump. \\
[[techtalk:ref:oil21#npshr_vs_npsha|Click Here]] to read more on NPSHR vs NPSHA in the REF section of the Sportsterpedia. \\
The pump requires a push of oil to the inlet cavity to function as designed. \\

**Oil pump vacuum sucks oil from the attached inlet hose into the gerotor inlet cavity**. \\
There is a vacuum created on the inlet cavity of the pump generated by the opening of the gerotors when they rotate around to the inlet side of the pump. \\
Vacuum is aided by the positive force of gravity from the higher hung oil tank as mentioned above. ((Hippysmack of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/196615-over-sized-oil-lines/page3?t=2073175&page=3)) \\
Without vacuum, the pump would not be able to function properly and would starve the pump especially at higher RPM. \\
As the volume between the feed gerotor gears increase (with engine RPM), the suction on the feed line also increases. ((shanneba of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/196615-over-sized-oil-lines/page3?t=2073175&page=3)) \\
Likewise with lower RPM, the suction decreases. \\
Too low suction and the gerotor cavities will not completely fill with oil especially on higher RPM and system oil volume will suffer. \\
Too much vacuum and oil vapor may be pulled out of the oil stream and cavitate / damage the oil pump. \\
Thankfully, the MoCo has designed the OEM oiling system in the Sportster to keep this from happening. \\

**The oil pump pressurizes the oil delivered to the outlet cavity in the pump**. \\
One teeth cavity of oil at a time is rotated from the inlet side to the outlet side in the pump. The closing of the gerotor teeth afterward combined with the next teeth full of oil continues pressurizing the outlet cavity. The faster the rotation, the higher the pressure that is created in the outlet of the pump.

**The engine is force-fed oil from there to the oil filter pad where a check valve (1986-1990) or check ball (1991-up) is opened at 4-6 PSI. The discharge side of the pump forces oil to the engine to lubricate Lifters, Rocker arm bushings Valve stems, Valve springs, Pushrods and tappets. \\

Year Model Specifics; \\
  * **1986-1990 engines**: \\ Oil pump feed gerotors send pressurized oil up through a cavity in the filter housing via an external hose to the oil filter. \\ The oil leaves the filter via an external hose and returns back to the oil pump from a second external hose. \\ The first hose from the pump to the filter pad has smaller orifice fittings than the hose back to the pump from the filter pad. \\ There is a high pressure oil bypass built into the filter pad behind the oil filter that dumps oil pressure above 30-35 psi (when present) onto the cam floor for scavenging. \\ Oil from the filter is routed into the pump and through a check valve or check ball mounted in the oil pump. \\ Oil leaves the check and enters a hidden passage in the cam chest floor up through the cam cover internal passages to the pinion bushing / shaft. \\ Oil is sent thru the pinion shaft to internal holes in the right flywheel to the crankpin and out to the lower end rod bearings. \\ This is the lower end of oil feed pressure. \\ Oil is also sent up past the pinion bushing thru an internal passage in the cam cover to the upper feed galley. \\ There is a hole in the upper cover that opens to a hole in the upper right case. \\ Oil leaves the cam cover into the upper case galley into each intake lifter bore. There are cross drilled holes from each intake lifter bore to it's corresponding exhaust lifter bore. \\ So the intake lifters get oiled first, then the exhaust lifters get oiled. \\ Restrictions in the lifter assemblies lower the amount of oil up the pushrods to the rocker arms. \\ Oil flows up the pushrods into the rocker arms where rocker arm bushings and valves are lubed. \\ This is the end of oil pump pressure in the top end. 

  * **1991 engines**: \\ Oil pump feed gerotors send pressurized oil up through a cavity in the filter housing via one external hose to the oil filter pad. \\ The oil leaves the filter and is routed through a check ball in the filter adapter into the upper case oil feed galley. \\ There is a high pressure oil bypass built into the case behind the oil filter that dumps oil pressure above 30-35 psi (when present) onto the cam floor for scavenging. \\ From the feed galley, oil is sent to each lifter by individual cross drilled holes so each lifter has it's own oil flow. \\ Restrictions in the lifter assemblies lower the amount of oil up the pushrods to the rocker arms. \\ Oil flows up the pushrods into the rocker arms where rocker arm bushings and valves are lubed. \\ This is the end of oil pump pressure in the top end. \\ Oil is also sent from the upper feed galley down to the pinion bushing / shaft to a hole in the right flywheel then crankpin / lower rod bearings. \\ This is the lower end of oil feed pressure.

  * **1992-Up engines**: \\ Oil pump feed gerotors send pressurized oil up through a cavity in the filter housing via one external hose to the oil filter pad. \\ The oil leaves the filter and is routed through a check ball in the filter adapter into the upper case oil feed galley. \\ The high pressure oil bypass was deleted with the addition of a cam squirter hole drilled through to the upper feed galley. \\ A .060" hole was drilled from the upper feed galley thru to the cam chest to spray onto #2 cam gear teeth. \\ Oil is transferred to all cam gear teeth by way of the gear meshing action. \\ From the feed galley, oil is sent to each lifter by individual cross drilled holes so each lifter has it's own oil flow. \\ Restrictions in the lifter assemblies lower the amount of oil up the pushrods to the rocker arms. \\ Oil flows up the pushrods into the rocker arms where rocker arm bushings and valves are lubed. \\ 2004-Up engines have two additional holes through the feed galley to the piston squirter units attached to the cam wall in the crankcase. \\ This is the end of oil pump pressure in the top end. \\ Oil is also sent from the upper feed galley down to the pinion bushing / shaft to a hole in the right flywheel then crankpin / lower rod bearings. \\ This is the lower end of oil feed pressure. 

====== Oil Return System (scavenge) ======
The scavenge side of the pump returns oil from the bottom of the gearcase and crankcase sump to the oil tank. \\
Positive crankcase pressure (piston downstroke) aids scavenging. ((aswracing of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/vendors/nrhs-high-performance/33374-04s-and-up-and-oil-use/page27?t=59421&page=27))  \\
Negative pressure (piston upstroke) makes the pump's job harder since the pump is fighting the crankcase vacuum. \\ 
There is a vacuum on the scavenge side of the pump just as and for the same reason as is on the feed side. \\ 
Both crankcase pressure and oil pump pressure (including a vacuum on the sealed passage between the two areas) work together to remove oil out of the crankcase. \\
The sump outlet is below the scavenge pump inlet so the oil has to be sucked uphill to get to the pump to return to the oil tank. \\

The return gerotors are taller than the feed gerotors on all models (with a few different size changes in between). \\
This equates to a larger pumping volume of oil returned to the tank than oil fed to the engine. \\
And since you can't remove more oil than you can put into the motor, both oil and crankcase air is removed by the oil pump. \\

====== Splash Lubrication ======
See also in the Sportsterpedia: \\
  * [[techtalk:evo:engmech07|Evo Sportster Crankcase Ventilation]] \\  
  * [[techtalk:ref:engmech04|Crankcase Pressure and Engine Breathing]]. \\

Crankcase air pressure is generated by the up and down movement of the pistons. \\
The downstroke of the piston causes the volume underneath the pistons to decrease which puts pressure on the oil (and pushes it to the scavenge passage in the sump). ((cjburr of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/37099-what-causes-wet-sumping/page3?t=73243&page=3)) \\
This pressure is multi use; \\
  * It helps to push sump oil to the oil pump scavenge port in the sump. \\ (the scavenge side of the pump pulls a vacuum on the sealed passage from the sump outlet to the pump) ((Deimus of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/37099-what-causes-wet-sumping/page4?t=73243&page=4))
  * It also initiates the splash and mist process as the compressed air above the oil is ready to spring up when the piston rises.

Then the upstroke of the pistons create an upward vacuum bringing some of the oil from the sump with it. \\
With little to no (piston ring) blow-by and a check valve on the breather system; \\
Crankcase pressure is essentially cycling between atmospheric and negative (pressures) as the pistons go down and back up. \\ 
(remember, due to the common crankpin 45 degree design, a Harley motor is a variable volume crankcase, unlike most motors) ((aswracing of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/vendors/nrhs-high-performance/33374-04s-and-up-and-oil-use/page27?t=59421&page=27)) \\

This creates splash oil which is bounced about in the crankcase. \\
This also creates an air / oil mix when tiny particles intertwine with the oil in suspension. \\
The two don't actually mix as does sugar and water. \\
So separating them back apart is fairly easy if you add an obstacle for that 'mix' to collide into. \\
The obstacle is widely known as the breather or umbrella valve although anything the mix touches in the motor could accomplish the same thing in theory. \\

The piston motions create a pulsating blast of air pressure (push pull condition as each piston rises and falls). \\
Static oil pump pressure has already been dissipated by the time it reaches the crankcase. \\
(although it takes static oil pressure to get the oil from the pump to the crankcase) \\

Likewise, crankcase (CC) pressure will have a constant change in velocity. \\
Oil in the crankcase adds resistance to the air pressure generated (raising the pressure). \\
2004 and up models have feed oil piston squirters which adds more oil into the crankcase. \\
04 head drains were diverted to the gearcase instead of the crankcase as in previuos models to help offset the difference from the squirters. \\

The movement of the pistons and flywheels splash oil around in the engine. \\
Gravity oil (from the drain ports in the heads) returns to the crankcase or gearcase (respective to year model); \\ 
  * On 86-03 engines, gravity oil falls into the crankcase sump area.
  * On 04 and up engines, gravity oil falls into the gearcase.

**Some CC Pressure is needed**: \\
Some of the oil is picked up by the piston upstroke and mixed with the air pressure in the form of mist. \\
The mist and splash oil lubricates crankcase components. \\
And they are also carried into the gearcase compartment to help lubricate the cams and pinion / oil pump gears. \\
Splash and gravity oil from the connecting rods, crankshaft, rocker boxes and head/cylinder drainage holes serve to lubricate;
  * Cylinder walls
  * Pistons, piston pins
  * Cam gears and bushings
  * Main bearings

**Excess CC Pressure is vented out of the engine**: \\
See also [[techtalk:evo:engmech07|Crankcase Ventilation]] in the Sportsterpedia. \\
Excess unvented crankcase pressure will simply build up inside the engine and eventually blow out gaskets / seals in the engine. \\
The pressure (even though needed) would build high enough to be detrimental to the engine. \\
So unusable high pressure is vented out of the engine to keep in (regulate) a certain amount of usable internal pressure. \\

====== Oil Pump ======
  * [[techtalk:evo:oil03|Click Here]] to view the Evo Oil Pump section of the Sportsterpedia.
  * [[techtalk:ref:oil21|Click Here]] to view Sportster Oil Feed Chain Pressures and Dynamics for an in-depth look into system pressures and fluid flow. 

Different areas of the motor have different types of pressure applied and from different sources. ((bustert of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/196615-over-sized-oil-lines/page3?t=2073175&page=3)) ((Hippysmack)) \\

**The oil pump doesn't make pressure. All it does is create flow.** This is generally said by owners and gear / gerotor pump manufacturers as well. \\
However, the squeezing of the gerotors creates measurable pressure discharge out of the pump (not equal to system pressure though). \\
The oil pump, as installed, creates system head pressure by restriction (hose size, routing paths, orifice sizes) and is altered by RPM changes. \\
The restrictions in the engine manipulate oil flow and oil pressure (which is normally measured with a PSI gauge). \\
The oil pump is non-regulated and delivers its entire volume of oil under pressure to the feed system. \\
 
**Also, it's not unusual to get air out the oil return line (to the tank).** ((aswracing of the xlforum https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-motor-top-end/135598-crankcase-pressure?t=1468237)) \\ 
It's a dry-sump system with a gerotor oil pump that's designed to keep the engine sump as dry as it can. \\ 
When there's no oil to suck up, it pumps a little air instead into the oil tank. \\ That's the way it's supposed to work. \\
The return gerotors on (all years) pump more volume than the feed gerotors. \\

1986-1990 gerotors are shown below. \\ 
See more pics in the [[techtalk:evo:oil03|Evo Oil Pump]] section of the Sportsterpedia. \\
|  1986-1990 (L)-Feed and (R)-Return gerotors. ((photos by Hippysmack))  ||
|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:86-90_feed_georotor_dims_3_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:86-90_return_gerotor_dims_3_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|

|  1986-1990 Oil Pump Oiling Paths. ((photo by Hippysmack))  |  1991-1997 Oil Pump Oiling Paths  ((photo by Hippysmack))  |  98-Up Oil Pump Oiling Paths ((photo by bsaman of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/rubber-mount-sportster-motorcycle-talk-2004-2006/87615-crank-replacement-documentation/page2?t=691283&page=2))  |
|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:86-90_oil_pump_oiling_paths_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-97_oil_pump_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:98-up_oil_pump_oiling_paths_by_bsaman.jpg?direct&300|}}|

====== Oil Filter - Function & Control ======
Also see the REF section on [[techtalk:ref:oil07|Understanding Oil Filters]] \\

The oil pump sends pressurized oil to the oil filter. There are two cavities inside the oil filter. \\
Unfiltered oil enters the outside cavity, passes thru the filter media and filtered oil exits thru the filter adapter in the center. \\

===== General Overview =====
{{:techtalk:evo:oil:gen-oilfilterfunctioning.jpg|}}

{{:common:space100x5px.jpg?75|}}A) ... Incoming 'Dirty' Oil on Outside of Filter Material (RED color for dirty oil)\\
{{:common:space100x5px.jpg?75|}}B) ... Filter Material inside the Oil Filter\\
{{:common:space100x5px.jpg?75|}}C) ... Bypass Valve - Passes dirty oil when necessary to prevent oil starvation\\
{{:common:space100x5px.jpg?75|}}D) ... Output of Oil from the Filter - (GREEN color for filtered oil - RED for UNfiltered)\\
{{:common:space100x5px.jpg?75|}}E) ... Check Valve keeps oil from draining into engine when not running\\
{{:common:space100x5px.jpg?75|}}F) ... Oil Supplied to Engine - Could be Clean or Dirty depending on Bypass Valve operation\\

{{:common:space100x5px.jpg?75|}}Sometimes, these exist\\
{{:common:space100x5px.jpg?75|}}G) ... Anti-Drain Back Valve in the Oil Filter to prevent the filter being empty\\
{{:common:space100x5px.jpg?75|}}H) ... Pressure Relief Valve on 1986-1991 models (in the oil filter mount)\\

\\
(This overview is not intended to present or explore every detail of any of these parts. See the REF section on [[techtalk:ref:oil07|Understanding Oil Filters]])\\


The oil pump is hydraulic and moves oil efficiently. It is very strong due to being directly driven and having minimal gear lash in the pump. It will pump forcibly IF NECESSARY. The flow rate capability (GPM) will vary somewhat based on resistance and the efficency of the pump and the level of wear within the gerotor gears.

The pump is capable of 100's of PSI. The amount of oil passed per revolution is nearly constant, thus the GPMs will increase as the RPMs increase.

It is the resistance to flow that will determine the actual pressure (PSI). If there is little resistance, then the PSI pressure will be low. If there is much resistance, the constant force of the pump will create high (or very high) PSI pressure.

The physical hoses & routing (bends/kinks/etc.) will create some resistance (getting to (A)), the filter material (B) will create some resistance, the check valve (E) will create some resistance and the engine oiling system will create some resistance... Of course, the oil temperature affects the viscosity of the oil. Colder Oil = Thicker Oil, which increases the resistance to flow. Combined at any one specific time, these factors create the PSI necessary to push the GPM load that the pump is supplying.

The density of the filter material (B) (microns) & the level of contaminant saturation in the material will affect the resistance. Of course, the level of contaminant saturation varies with usage.

The bypass valve (C) is intended to prevent oil starvation in the engine when the filter passes oil poorly - but to do so, it must pass UNfiltered oil around the filter material. It does this only when the Bypass Valve PSI rating is exceeded. This only occurs when the filter material cannot pass enough oil THRU it, thereby creating a higher oil pressure on the input side (due to filter resistenace to flow). This is sensed by the bypass valve (C), which then opens to continue supplying some oil around (rather than thru) the filter material to keep the engine oiled. Physically, the implemented bypass may be at the top or bottom of the filter, but the function is the same.

The Anti-Drain-Back Valve (G) prevents the oil inside the filter from escaping back out the input side of the filter (A). This maintains an oil reservoir (inside the filter) that is ready to supply the engine immediately on start-up, rather than waiting for new oil to fill the filter cavity once the newly started engine begins to pump oil to the filter.

In a similar way, the Check Valve (E) helps to prevent oil draining out of the filter (or being gravity drained from the oil tank, thru the pump & filter) into the engine oiling system when the active flow stops (engine is not running). It has a very low PSI setting so that even a very low movement of oil will pass thru to begin oiling the engine.

The Pressure Relief Valve (H), which is only on the 1986-91 XL models, is set for about 30psi. This guarantees that the pressure to the oil filter is below that level. But that level of pressure is only present when the oil is cold. Once warm, the normal pressure is below 30psi all the time, even at high RPMS ((Jorgen of the XLForum - https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/148108-oil-pressure?t=1609218))

While both are differential valves, the Filter Bypass Valve (C) functions on a difference in pressure from one side of the filter material to the other side, while the Pressure Relief Valve (H) functions on absolute input pressure because there is no pressure on the other side of it (in the gearcase or crankcase).

The Bypass Valve (C) functions differentially because there is supplied oil (under pressure) at both sides of the valve - One side is supplied from the outside of the filter material and the other side is supplied pressure from the oil that has passed thru the filter material (being at the outlet of the filter). This means IF the filter material flows well (being new and/or clean with warmed up oil viscosity) then both sides of the material will be close to the same pressure level, with the material presenting little resistance. BUT, if the filter is very restrictive (clogged or oil is cold & thick) the flow from passing THRU the filter will be present a significantly less pressure on the Bypass Valve output side, thereby calling for the Bypass Valve (C) to open.

To be clear, the Bypass Valve (C) doesn't care if there is 5psi on each side or 20psi on each side, it will not open until there is a difference between the incoming side of the filter & the outgoing side of the filter. If rated at 12psi, the difference must be 12psi before it opens (17psi in vs 5psi out -or- 32psi in vs 20psi out). If so rated, the difference must be 12psi. This can/will occur when the oil is cold & thick or when the filter is sufficiently clogged to minimize oil flow thru it.

In contrast, there is no pressure on the output side of the Relief Valve (H). It only has pressure on the input side, which, when it reaches 30psi, will open to allow some volume to bleed off, thereby reducing the pressure in the line. Since there is no pressure on the output side of the Relief Valve (H), dumping into the gearcase or crankcase, the differential pressure is always perceived as XX (inside) psi to 0 (cam/crank) psi.

It should also be noted that in normal operation, the bypassing of the oil filter for brief periods (like thick viscosity) will have little affect on the longevity of the engine. However, a clogged oil filter that is continuously bypassing oil around the filter material, will eventually sufficiently contaminate the engine oiling system to cause damage. Oil filter replacement on the recommended schedule (or sooner) is a precautionary chore to keep the engine supplied with clean oil.

\\
These two references are a good read:\\
http://www.mgnoc.com/article_oil_filters_revisited.html\\
https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/195572-oil-filter-functioning?t=2071942\\

\\

===== Oil Filter Mount =====
==== Sub Documents ====
  * [[techtalk:evo:oil01a|86-90 Oil Filter Mount Parts, Specs and Dims]]
See also [[techtalk:ref:oil07#filter_fitment|Oil Filter Fitment]] in the REF section of the Sportsterpedia. \\

\\
**----- 1986-1990 Models -----** \\
The 1986-1990 oil filter pad is an upgrade to the L-1984-1985 version. \\
The 1986-1990 version still has 2 hoses to and from the filter pad but the fitting size changed on one of the hoses. \\
A high pressure relief valve was also added to the incoming (non-filtered) cavity. Oil filter mounting threads for all models (L1984-up) are 3/4"-16. \\

{{:techtalk:evo:oil:86-90-oilfiltermount4_by_jorgen.jpg?direct&500|}}

\\
**----- 1991-later Models -----** \\
In 1991, the oil filter mounting pad was cast into the front section of the right case so no longer is there a separate bolt-on part for the oil filter. \\
The high pressure relief valve is also incorporated into the new filter pad mount and operates the same as in 1986-1990 models. \\
You can see it by removing the cam cover and looking up in the area (behind the oil filter. \\
1992-up Sportsters do not have the oil pressure relief valve. \\
A small hole was drilled between the upper feed galley and the cam chest to keep pressure from getting too high. This hole doubles to splash oil on #2 cam gear. \\
 
The oil filter adapter is the threaded part that the filter screws onto. \\
{{:techtalk:evo:oil:92_oil_filter_mount_by_erik-_annotated.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Erik of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/frame-mount-evo-sportster-talk-1986-2003-models/58938-totalled-my-engine/page2?t=320342&page=2, annotated by Hippysmack)) {{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-up_oil_path_at_filter_pad_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&400|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) \\

====== Engine Oil Pressure and Testing ======
On Evo engines, 20% of oil pressure is sent to the bottom end and 80% is sent to the top end. ((2000 MMI Documents))  \\

The FSMs say oil pump is non-regulatory and delivers its entire volume of oil under pressure to the oil filter mount. \\
But that is not the entire story. Cold oil flows slow and pressure builds while hot oil flows faster and pressure lowers. \\
So the pump will not deliver the same amount of oil when cold rather than when hot. \\
 
When an engine is cold, the engine oil will be more viscous (ie., thicker). \\ 
During start-up of a cold engine, oil pressure will be higher than normal and oil circulation will be somewhat restricted within the oiling system. \\ 
As the engine wams to normal operating temperature, the engine oil will warm up also and become less viscous - oil pressure will decrease.

Also,when an engine is operated at high speeds; \\
The volume of oil circulated through the oiling system increases, resulting in higher oil pressure. \\
As engine speed is reduced, the volume of oil pumped is also reduced, resulting in lower oil pressure. \\

===== Testing Oil Pressure =====
[[techtalk:ref:oil04|Click Here]] to reference "Sportster Oil Pressure (1957-Present) in the REF section of the Sportsterpedia". \\
That page consists of where to test, expected oil pressure for the respective year models and a link to the page for installing a pressure gauge. \\

===== Testing not included in the FSMs =====
==== Rocker box pressure ====
Oil pump pressure does feed up into the rocker arms but is heavily restricted by the path through each lifter and slightly restricted further by elevation. \\
  * On a cold startup, the pressure is higher due to the thicker oil present which is also flowing slower (hence the higher pressure). \\ As the engine warms up, the oil thins out, pressure is reduced since the oil can flow faster.
  * A PSI gauge tapped into any EVO Sportster rocker box will most likely measure crankcase air pressure instead of oil pressure. \\ It's not possible to accurately measure engine oil pressure from the rocker boxes. \\ Oil pump pressure is relieved once oil is sprayed / leaks out the rocker arms. And you can't actually attached a gauge to the rocker arms.

==== Cam Cover Pressure ====
Oil pump pressure is always present internally in the cam cover with the engine running. \\
That is also a deceiving statement. Pump pressure runs through internal cavities in the cover to get from the top to the bottom of the cover and to the pinion shaft. \\
However, oil pump pressure is confined internally in the cover and does not pressurize the cam chest. \\
 
  * On 1986-1990 engines;
    * Oil pressure from the pump is fed into the bottom of the cam cover. \\ The cover gets it's oil from the oil pump via intersecting holes between the bottom of the case and the cover. \\ (the gearcase gets no oil from this passage in the cover, outside of spillage from the pinion shaft bushing) \\ The cover supplies oil to the pinion shaft and upper feed galley for the lifters. \\ A vertical internal oil passage in the cover is routed from the top to the bottom of the cover with a hole exiting in each corresponding hole in the case. \\ The hole in the middle of the case at the top intersects into the internal oil feed galley of the cover. \\ An internal cross drilled hole runs to the back of the pinion shaft bushing. \\ This supplies oil to the pinion bushing and sends pressurized oil through the hole in the pinion shaft for the rod bearings.
  * On 1991 and up engines;
    * Oil pressure to the cam cover is fed from the top of the cam chest. \\ The cover gets it's oil from the oil pump via a horizontal drilled hole thru the upper right case from the filter pad to the upper feed galley. \\ (the gearcase gets no oil from this passage in the cover, outside of spillage from the pinion shaft bushing) \\ The cover supplies oil to the upper feed galley for the lifters (and piston squirters on 2004-up Sportsters) as well as the pinion shaft and it's bushing \\  An internal cross drilled hole runs to the back of the pinion shaft bushing. \\ This oils the pinion bushing and at the same time sends pressurized oil through the hole in the pinion shaft for the rod bearings.

==== Oil Tank Pressure ====
[[techtalk:ref:oil20|Click here]] to view the Oil Tank Pressure page in the Sportsterpedia. \\

====== Oil System Controls ======

===== Oil Pressure Regulator - 1986-1991 Models ONLY =====

**----- 1986-1990 Models -----**

See [[techtalk:evo:oil01a#oil_pressure_regulator|pics and installation of the plunger and spring]] for 86-90 models in the Sportsterpedia. \\
Also [[techtalk:ref:oil05e#oil_filter_mount_mods|86-90 Oil Filter Mount Mods]] for modifications to the pressure regulator system. \\
|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:86-90-oilfiltermount.jpg?direct&500|}}|

|  1986-90 Oil Filter Mount  ((photo Hippysmack of the XLFORUM))  |Pressurized oil comes into the gearcase from the hole at the arrow on \\ the right. ((photo by Mini_blitz of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/183493-1986-evolution-sportster-cam-cover-install-help/page3?t=1974615&page=3))|
|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:86-90_oil_pressure_regulator_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&400|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:86-90_sump_splash_ports_oiling_by_mini_blitz.jpg?direct&400|}}|

With the new Evolution engine in 1986, an oil pressure regulator (relief valve) was implemented to bleed off some of the oil when the pressure thru the filter became to high. \\
The spring loaded pressure valve was built into the oil filter mounting pad. \\
There is a passage from the filter pad relief valve into the cam gearcase. \\
The discharge from the relief valve drains down into the gearcase. \\
Then that 'extra' oil and is routed to the crankcase sump through a hole in the case wall and gets pumped back to the tank. \\
 
The spring-loaded pressure regulator opens at about 30 psi. \\
However, it is usually only regulating when the engine oil is cold. \\
When the engine is warm, the valve is typically shut, since pressure is usually below 30 psi even at high rpms. ((Jorgen of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/148108-oil-pressure?t=1609218))

The pressure relief parts for 1986-1990 are: \\
| HD Part# | Description |
|  737 | PLUG |
|  6037 | WASHER  |
|  26001-86 | PLUNGER |
|  26002-86 | SPRING |

The plug installation torque is 15-20 ft-lbs. \\

\\

**----- 1991 Model -----**

In 1991, the entire oil filter mount was incorporated into the right crankcase half. It still used a supply & return hose to flow oil thru the filter.

The implementation of the pressure regulator in this version used the same spring & plunger as before. It was mounted into a hole from the gearcase side of the mount. Then, a new plug, with a hole drilled in the center of the hex head, held the spring & plunger in place. This allowed oil to escape from the incoming side of the filter, thru the plug hole and into the gearcase, where it eventually made it to the crankcase sump & was returned to the oil tank.

As in the previous implementation, this allowed the relief valve to bypass oil thru the plunger when activated instead of pumping it thru the filter. The relief pressure was the same, being about 30psi.

Since the new plug is already in the gearcase, the washer (6037) was eliminated.

{{:techtalk:evo:oil:1991_oil_pressure_relief_by_robo1040_-_annotated.jpg?direct&400|}} ((photo by robo1040 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-styles/sportster-motorcycle-project/191883-new-project-for-2018-oil-in-frame-chopped-deathtrap/page2?t=2048447&highlight=1991&page=2, labeled by Hippysmack)) {{:common:space100x5px.jpg?50|}} {{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-oilpressurereliefvalve.jpg?300|}}

The pressure relief parts for 1991 are:\\
| HD Part# | Description |
|  742 | PLUG |
|  26001-86 | PLUNGER |
|  26002-86 | SPRING |


(It should be noted that the 1991 & 1992 parts catalogs list these pressure relief parts for all models, although they are not illustrated for either year. However, I have only been able to visually verify the existence of these parts on the 1991 model engine. Harley Tech Tips #26 & #27 seem to support this, but there might have been some early 1992 models with the 1991 implementation. Research continuing.)((IXL2Relax of the XLForum))

==== XLFORUM Discussion Threads on the Pressure Regulator ====
[[https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/frame-mount-evo-sportster-talk-1986-2003-models/195407-oil-pump-upgrade-86-90/page4?t=2071753&highlight=86-90&page=4|Oil Pump Upgrade '86-'90]]

===== Oil Pressure Regulator - 92 and Up Models =====
The oil pressure regulating unit was discontinued for 92 and up engines (and 91 replacement cases). \\
Excess oil pressure is constantly shared between the pinion shaft and a passage drilled in the upper feed galley of the right case. \\
Overall oil flow and pressure to the pinion shaft is lowered (to designed level) due to some of that oil now discharging out the piston squirter hole. \\
It is a double duty (hole) drilled from the center open feed galley down toward #2 cam gear. \\
This passage is on the oil filter side of both the lifters and the crankpin and lowers system pressure to both. \\
It sprays oil onto #2 cam gear which in turn splashes oil to all cam gears by way of the gears meshing. \\
The hole is app .060" ID which is the same size as the pinion shaft restricted orifice. \\

|  98 cam chest. ((photo by isiahstites of the XLFORUM and labeled by Hippysmack https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-buell-motorcycle-racing/lsr-sporster-buell-motorcycle-land-speed-record/31067-my-ls-build/page5?t=51598&page=5))  |
|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:98_cam_chest_by_isiahstites.jpg?direct&300|}}|

===== Oil Pressure Switch =====
See also [[techtalk:ref:svcproc30#testing_the_oil_pressure_switch|Testing the Oil Pressure Switch]] in the Ref section of the Sportsterpedia. \\

The oil pressure switch (for the oil light) is a pressure actuated diaphragm type on / off switch basically. \\ 
The diaphragm is spring loaded and held against its contact point when the engine is not running or the when the oil pressure is too low while running.\\
With the switch contacts touching, this closes the circuit to the oil pressure light and causes it to light up (with the key on, of course). \\
When the engine is fired up, oil pressure builds in the filter pad, activates the oil light switch and opens the oil pump check valve (or check ball respectively) allowing oil to enter the engine. \\
Oil pressure is sensed by the oil pressure switch. \\
By the time the engine reaches over 1000 to 1200 rpms, the oil pressure is sufficient to move the oil pressure switch diaphragm completely off it's seat. \\
This opens its contact point, breaking the circuit to the oil pressure light and it goes off. \\

Cold cranking oil pressure can reach between 30 PSI and upwards of 60-100+ PSI. \\
Oil pressure will vary under normal riding conditions. [[techtalk:evo:oil01#engine_oil_pressure|See above for expected oil pressures]].  \\
However, idle (hot) oil pressure will vary from 7-17 PSI on most models. \\
__So, at idle, the oil check valve (or ball) may only be opened just past it's cracking pressure__ (not to it's end of travel). \\

**In the Case of a Defective Oil Pressure Switch**: \\
This switch opens and closes the contacts to the oil pressure light. \\
The oil light is important to have since if it is not working, it can be assumed that you have little to none oil flow to the engine. \\
If the pressure switch doesn't operate the light it should be checked for proper operation or replaced. \\
For the $30 or whatever you save by not buying the switch, it's just not worth it to not have the low engine pressure idiot light working. ((billeuze of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/121221-76-ironhead-oil-line-help-with-photos/page3?t=1185646&page=3)) \\
If your motor is ready to run and you need to test it then you can connect a piece of clear hose so you can see oil in it. \\ Don't plug the end till you've primed the pump (if applicable). \\
Replace a defective switch as soon as possible. \\

Part # (26554-77) \\
Torque: \\ 
Pressure switch: 5-7 ft/lbs. \\
Wire nut: 4-10 in/lbs. \\


|  Oil pressure switch ((photos by Hippysmack))  |||
|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:oil_pressure_switch_6_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:oil_pressure_switch_7_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:oil_pressure_switch_8_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|

|Oil switch on 88 model ((photo by kevmic28 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/frame-mount-evo-sportster-talk-1986-2003-models/86874-oil-leak?t=678083))|Oil switch position on 99 model ((photo by hellhound of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/150385-99-03-oil-gauge-install#post3227007))|Oil switch position on 04 model ((photo by hellhound of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/150385-99-03-oil-gauge-install#post3227007))|
|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:oil_pressure_switch_on_88_model_by_kevmic28.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:oil_pressure_switch_on_99_sportster_by_hellhound.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:oil_pressure_switch_on_04_sportster_by_hellhound.jpg?direct&300|}}|

==== Installation ====
{{ :techtalk:evo:oil:oil_pressure_switch_threads_by_hippysmack.png?direct&300|}} ((drawing by Hippysmack)) \\

**Caution**: __DO NOT tighten the oil pressure switch too tight__. \\
It will either strip the threads in the filter housing or crack the filter housing. \\
If you don't have access to a torque wrench or can't get one to fit in there, use a "hand tight plus a little" approach when tightening the switch. \\
You can also clamp a nut in a vise if needed, install a bolt and tighten it to 5-7 ft/lbs. \\
Then use a open/box end wrench to feel the point where it turns. \\
Then you have a bench mark 'feel' for how tight to turn the pressure switch with the same type wrench. \\
This one got tightened too much and cracked the filter housing.

Don't over tighten to try and stop a leak. It doesn't take much oomph to seal the pressure switch. \\
Don't use silicone on the threads. Thread tape may break off and enter the filter or the engine. \\
In theory, you should be able to stop a leak from the switch threads without any thread sealer because of the tapered threads. \\
But thread sealer of some type (Loctite, plumbing pipe dope or other) is suggested. \\
Keep in mind that any thread dressing applied will pre-load the torque needed. \\
So be sure to back down on final torque when using thread sealants. \\

==== If the switch cracks the filter housing ====
If you used the proper torque and it still leaks oil, you may need to pull the switch and filter and look for a crack in the housing. \\
Pull the switch and the filter so you can see both the housing and the hole threads. \\
It only takes a little more than needed to crack the housing. \\
The switch threads are tapered. Turned too far in, the taper widens the hole and expands the aluminum around the hole. \\
The hole is near the end of the filter pad. \\
With little surface area between the hole and the end of the housing, that is the weakest part and where cracks will appear. \\
If yours has cracked, it'll need to be welded. The crack will only get worse with vibration. \\
The thing about welding is it causes warp-age.  Once it's welded, the threads for the switch will probably need to be reconditioned as the hole may warp. \\
If so, you can try and chase the threads with a tap. \\
You may have to go with a threaded bushing (bigger threads into the housing with smaller threads on the other end) to add the switch back. \\
Also the main purpose for the filter pad is the machined flat surface for the filter. \\
It will need to be checked for flatness after welding so the filter don't leak. \\

The no weld version is: ((Tomcatt of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-general-discussion-and-problems/199475-oil-pressure-light/page3?t=2076356&page=3)) \\ 
Clean the crack thoroughly with brake cleaner or contact cleaner. Screw the pressure switch in to open up the crack and clean it some more. It's gotta be CLEAN. \\
Remove the switch and apply 290 Loctite (no substitutes) to the pressure switch threads and hole and screw in the pressure switch. \\
After the switch in in place apply 290 Loctite to the crack so it can wick into the crack. \\
Cross your fingers while the Loctite cures. \\
Loctite 290 is a thread locker you apply to the fastener after it's been installed and tightened and it's used to seal cracks and/or weld porosity. \\

Also check the threads in the hole. \\
Too much torque will damage aluminum threads pretty fast and to different degrees. \\
Clean the filter mount surface and verify there is no crack and then inspect the threads for the switch. \\
The thread pitch in the housing is 1/8" NPS (non tapered). You can run a tap into the threads and try to straighten them if needed. \\

**Cracked**:
This filter housing was cracked due to too much torque being applied while tightening the oil pressure switch. \\

{{:techtalk:evo:oil:2000_1200s_cracked_oil_filter_housing_1_by_vagrant318.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by vagrant318 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-general-discussion-and-problems/199475-oil-pressure-light/page2#post4397333)) {{:techtalk:evo:oil:2000_1200s_cracked_oil_filter_housing_4_by_vagrant318.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by vagrant318 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-general-discussion-and-problems/199475-oil-pressure-light/page4?t=2076356&page=4)) {{:techtalk:evo:oil:2000_1200s_cracked_oil_filter_housing_3_by_vagrant318.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by vagrant318 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-general-discussion-and-problems/199475-oil-pressure-light/page4?t=2076356&page=4)) \\

\\

===== Oil Pressure Light =====

If the oil pressure light stays on at speeds above idling, always check the oil supply first. \\
Then if the oil supply is normal, look inside the oil tank to determine if oil is returning to the tank from the return hose with the engine running. \\
If oil is returning to the tank, there is some circulation and the engine may be run a short distance if necessary. \\
If no oil is returning, shut the engine off until the trouble is located and fixed. \\ 

Conditions causing the oil light to stay on; \\
Low or diluted oil supply, \\
Or a plugged lifter screen (86-91) under the plug between the tappets, \\
A grounded oil signal switch wire, \\
Faulty oil switch, \\
Faulty or weak oil pump, \\
Clogged feed hose (in freezing weather from ice and sludge preventing the circulation of oil). \\

===== Oil Check Valve (77-E87)=====
See [[techtalk:evo:oil01a#oil_check_valve_86-e87|Oil Check Valve (86-E87)]] in the Sportsterpedia. \\
The Oil Check Valve is located behind the threaded filter adapter in the center of the oil filter mount. \\
The filter adapter I.D. was enlarged on the filter end to accept the check valve. \\
The check valve operation is dependent on receiving filtered oil (through the filter media) to lift the check valve cup and allow oil to pass. \\
Therefore, a stopped up oil filter media condition (not allowing flow or enough flow) may not produce enough oil pressure to open the check valve before the filter bypass opens. \\

**The oil pump check valve plays a role in the operation of the  oil pressure switch**. \\ 

|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:77-e87_oil_check_valve_1_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:86-e87_oil_check_valve_location_2_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|

The check valve is not a pass through but instead a cartridge type one way check valve operated by a spring loaded cup against a seat pressing at 4-6 PSI. \\ 
Oil pressure enters the center of the check valve, lifts the cup against its spring and exits the check valve by pushing around and past the cup and into the engine. \\
At a point, the cup will float off it's seat up against the spring towards the end of it's travel. \\

According to the FSM, the check valve has two main functions; \\
It prevents gravity oil drainage from the tank to the engine when not in operation. \\
It also acts as a restriction to activate the oil pressure switch.\\

Without the check valve, the pressure would not build up as much in the oil 'pocket' in the filter housing. \\
It would free flow into the crankcase and disperse. \\
With the check valve installed and the oil having to find it's way around the cup, pressure builds behind it in the pocket. \\
This back pressure builds inside the pump and pushes the pressure switch contacts open, shutting off the oil light. \\

The check valve spring does not control the amount of oil that enters the engine (unless it's stuck closed). \\
The flow goes past the check no matter what. The spring pressure is very light. \\
It regulates (creates and manages) the oil pressure in the pocket next to the switch before it enters the engine. \\
That pocket is protected for one reason (to operate the oil switch, therefore the oil light). \\
If you are not running an oil light, there is no reason to be concerned with the check valve (in regards to a running engine). \\
You could remove the light and the check and it would not affect the oil flow thru the engine. \\
The positive displacement oil pump will still deliver oil. \\

The check/switch/light is a safety precaution to let you see the light and warn you that the pressure in the pocket is low. \\
In theory and design, if the pressure in the pocket is low, oil flow would also be low. \\
In practice, there are too many variables on a worn engine,pump, check, switch etc. to keep theory and design true all the time. \\

The cup will stay off it's seat and open as long as there is sufficient oil pressure pushing against its spring. \\
This spring actuates the 4-6 PSI pressure that the pump must overcome. \\
If there is not enough oil pressure coming from the pump to keep the check valve cup completely or partially off it's seat; \\
The back pressure from the spring will push the cup toward it's seat, or closed position, equal to the amount of minimum pressure loss from the pump. \\
Thinner (hotter) oil flows faster and builds less pressure. \\

When the oil thins out, the oil will still push past the cup. \\
At a point, the pressure from the pump may not be sufficient to completely float the cup off it's seat. \\
So, the cup will turn sideways a bit only allowing oil to pass it on one side. \\

{{:techtalk:ih:oil:77-85_oil_check_valve_drawing_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&500|}} \\

This reduction in pressure is also sensed by the oil pressure switch. \\
When the pressure drops, the diaphragm eases back toward the closed position. \\
If the pressure is low enough, the contacts will close or partially make contact while closing or intermittently opening and closing. \\
The oil light will come on or flicker depending on the action of the contacts. \\

The pressure switch requires no back pressure from the engine to stay open.\\
It opens solely from the pressure generated from the oil pump with the assistance of the check valve to hold some of that pressure in the pump. \\
So, it is possible but not likely to have a stuck closed check valve with no oil light on. \\

===== Oil Check Ball (L87 and Up) =====
See also [[techtalk:evo:oil01a#oil_check_ball_and_spring_l87-90|L87-90 Oil Check Ball Pics]] in the Sportsterpedia. \\
The Oil Check Ball is located behind the threaded filter adapter in the center of the oil filter mount.

**The oil pump check ball plays a role in the operation of the  oil pressure switch**. \\
The check ball replaced the check valve in L87 and up models. \\

<blockquote>**L87 check ball addition at the oil filter mount**. ((HD Service Bulletin M-950 dated July 2, 1987)) \\
L87 models were fitted with a (light brown) check ball and spring instead of a cartridge type check valve as in previous year models. \\ 
The original check ball was redesigned to a smaller version due to the bore size for it in the filter mount. \\
The new smaller size ball (26437-86A) was black and usable on 86-90 model Sportsters. \\
Some Sportster oil filter mounts with the original oil check ball may have had an undersized oil passageway. \\
The brown check ball was not the problem. ((HD Tech Tip #0014 dated July 1988)) \\
But the original check ball could stick in the undersized oil passage, causing reduced oil pressure and lifter noise. \\
Rather than changing the oil filter mount, the MoCo chose to reduce the diameter of the check ball. \\
The solution was to remove the original light brown check ball and either; \\
Install the new black check ball (26437-86A) and spring (26436-86). \\
Or, install the old style check valve (26435-76A) and it's O-ring (26433-77). \\
Affected crankcase numbers: \\ 

  * 883 models: 1787063001-1787159608
  * 1100 models: 1887062035-1887160608 
</blockquote>

The oil enters the oil filter at full pressure from the pump. \\
After the oil exits the oil filter, it pushes against and opens the check ball that's located behind the oil filter mount. \\
The spring behind the check ball keeps pressure (4 to 6 psi) against the ball. ((Gcram399 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/148108-oil-pressure?t=1609218)) \\
It's purpose is to prevent the oil tank from draining into the motor while the bike is shut off. \\
It also keeps enough oil pressure upstream of the motor to turn off the oil pressure light. \\
It does nothing to actually regulate the oil pressure in the motor though. ((aswracing of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/148108-oil-pressure?t=1609218)) \\

The check ball operation is dependent on receiving filtered oil (through the filter media) to push the ball off it's seat and allow oil to pass. \\
Therefore, a stopped up oil filter media condition (not allowing flow or enough flow) may not produce enough oil pressure to open the check ball path before the filter bypass opens. \\

|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:l87-90_check_ball_and_spring_2_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:92_-_up_check_ball_and_spring_by_jordan1200.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:86-90_oil_filter_adapter_kit_33116-86a_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|
|  Check Ball (26437-86A) L87-91 \\ (replaced by (26437-86B) ) ((photo by Hippysmack))  |  Check Ball (26437-86B) 92-Up ((photo by jordan1200 of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-motor-engine/sportster-motorcycle-bottom-end/196304-oil-filter-mount-and-check-valve?t=2072806))  |  Check Ball and Spring Kit (33116-86A) for 86 -up Models ((photo by Hippysmack))  |

|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:92-up_used_oil_check_ball_dims_1_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:92-up_used_oil_check_ball_dims_2_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|
|  1992-up Check Ball Dims (used and working ball) ((photo by Hippysmack))  ||

|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:92-up_used_oil_check_ball_spring_dims_1_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:evo:oil:92-up_used_oil_check_ball_spring_dims_2_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|
|  1992-up Check Ball Spring Dims (used and working spring)  ||

==== Removal ====
{{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-up_oil_check_valve_location_1_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) {{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-up_oil_check_valve_location_2_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) \\

{{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-up_oil_check_valve_location_3_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack))
{{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-up_oil_check_valve_location_4_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) {{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-up_oil_check_valve_location_5_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) \\

==== Installation ====
{{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-up_oil_check_valve_location_6_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) \\

{{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-up_oil_check_valve_location_7_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) 
{{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-up_oil_check_valve_location_8_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) {{:techtalk:evo:oil:91-up_oil_check_valve_location_9_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}} ((photo by Hippysmack)) \\

====== Wet Sumping ======
See article on [[techtalk:ref:oil10|Wet Sumping]] in the REF section of the Sportsterpedia

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