IH: Oiling & Lubrication - Sportsterpedia

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====== IH: Oiling & Lubrication ======

====== Oil Pumps ======
===== Oil Pump Pressure =====
Expected oil pump pressure per FSM's: \\

**Gauge mounted at oil pump**: \\

As checked with hot oil and a gauge at the oil pressure switch location at the oil pump. \\
The oil pressure switch has to be removed for the gauge to be installed. \\

**1957-1969**: ((1959-1969 HD FSM pgs 3A-11, 3A-15)) \\
Minimum: 3-7 psi (idle, with spark retarded) \\
Normal riding conditions: 10-14 psi (6 psi at 20 mph) \\

**1970-1978**: ((HD 70-78 FSM pgs 3-1, 3-5)) \\
Minimum: 3-7 psi (idle) \\
Maximum: 15 psi (60 mph in high gear) \\
Normal riding conditions: 4-15 psi

**1979-1985**: ((1979-1985 HD FSM pgs 3-1, 3-10)) \\
Minimum: 4-7 psi (idle) \\
Maximum: 10-20 psi (3500 rpm) \\
Normal riding conditions: 4-15 psi \\

===== XR-750 Oil Pumps (only) =====
  * From 1972 to 1989, the gear driven oil pump went through several changes.
  * The main body and design stayed the same. (as in the ball check valve assembly and seals) ((1972-2003 HD XR-750 Service Manual pg 27))
    * 1972 - Feed pump speed was 1/4 of the engine speed and the return side operated at a 2:1 ratio of the feed side.
      * The breathing system was used to return oil from the crankcase into the cam / gear cover.
      * From there the oil drained directly onto the return gears of the oil pump. ((1972-2003 HD XR-750 Service Manual pg 27))
    * 1975-1980 - The engine had a separate oil sump bolted to the crankcase.
      * Return gears scavenged the crankcase oil through an external oil line. ((1972-2003 HD XR-750 Service Manual pg 27))
    * 1989-2003 - The same design of the '75-'80 pump.
      * But with a more efficient drive gear design and improved oil routing. 
      * The oil pump speeds were doubled to 1/2 of engine speed for the feed pump and a 4:1 ratio on the return side.
      * The oil pump drive gear was re-activated as a breather only. ((1972-2003 HD XR-750 Service Manual pg 27))



====== 1976 and Earlier Sportster Oil Pump Cycle ======
===== Sub Documents =====

  * [[techtalk:ih:oil03n|57-76 Oil Pump - Individual Parts and Pics]]
  * [[techtalk:ih:oil03f|57-76 Oil Pump - Individual Parts and Pics]]

  * The separate oil feed and scavenger (oil return) pumps are gear-type pumps and are incorporated in the same pump housing with a check valve on the oil feed side. The feed section is gravity fed from the oil tank and forced fed from the pump to the engine and back to the scavenger side of the pump which returns oil back to the oil tank. ((1970-1978 HD XL/XLH/XLCH/XLT 1000 FSM))
  * In a gear type oil pump, the oil is transferred from the inlet to the outlet side of the pump when it is trapped between the rotating gear teeth and the gear housing. 
  * The oil pump seldom needs servicing. Therefore, before dis-assembling it for repairs because of no oil pressure, be absolutely certain that all possible related malfunctions have been eliminated. ((1970-1978 HD XL/XLH/XLCH/XLT 1000 FSM)) 
    * If oil in oil tank is diluted, pressure will be affected.
    * In freezing weather, the oil feed line may clog up with ice or sludge, preventing circulation.
    * Inspect oil pump check valve as it prevents the gravity flow of oil into the crankcase when the engine is not running and provides the correct oil pressure for the operation of the oil signal light switch. If the check valve is not seating properly, oil will bypass the valve and drain oil from the oil tank into the crankcase and upon starting the engine, a considerable amount of oil will be blown out the crankcase breather pipe.
    * Check for a grounded oil pressure switch wire or a faulty switch if oil indicator light fails to go out with the engine running.
    * If no oil pressure or return oil is not indicated at the oil tank, when engine is running, or an excess amount of oil is blown from the breather pipe, dis-assemble the oil pump for repair. Damage can occur by way of a foreign object lodged in the oil pump gearing. Check your FSM for dis-assembly and repair. ((1970-1978 HD XL/XLH/XLCH/XLT 1000 FSM))  
\\


====== 1957-1976 Production Oil Pumps ======

  * There are 3 basic pumps ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
    - 57-E62 (3 variations) these use 16t body gears.
    - L62-71 (2 variations) these use 14t
    - 72-76 (no variations) use 16t again  
  * & 2 basic plumbing styles: ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
    - Both feed and return are drilled passages in the right crankcase (57-66 all) & (67-69 xlch)
    - Only return drilled thru case. feed goes from tank to pump by external hose. (67-69 xlh) & (70-76 all)
  * With the correct knowledge any 57-76 pump, or parts of them can be mated to any 57-76 cases. But the combos can get confusing. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
  * The stock slot in pre & post -72 pump bodies are .345" ((chevelle of the XLFORUM® http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=989934&page=2))
  * The stock slot in pre -72 pump gear is .375" ((chevelle of the XLFORUM® http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=989934&page=2))
  * The stock slot in post -72 pump gear is .625" ((chevelle of the XLFORUM® http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=989934&page=2))

===== 1957-E1962 =====

  * All these use 16t gear sets and style 1 plumbing ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
  * The production changes made during its run: ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
    * 57-e58 baseline pump that all others came from. no oil seal. uses a snap ring and a full profile woodruff key at scavenge gear. 
    * L58-59 same as above but now has body machined for a oil seal.
    * 60-e62 same as L58-59 but the retaining ring at the scavenge is replaced by half moon retainers. The scavenge drive gear is counter-bored for these half moons and the woodruff key is shortened so it won't interfere with the half moons.

===== L1962-1971 =====

  * All these used 14t gears & scavenge sets got taller than the previous 16's were. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
    * All use half moons and shortened key on scavenge drive.
    * Bodies made till '66 are for style 1 plumbing.
    * In '67, the body gets tapped for the external feed fitting for use on 67-69 XLH. This is when style2 plumbing started. 
    * Bodies tapped for style2 were still used on the last 3 yrs (67-69 xlch) of style1 cases.
    * A plug is put in this new hole if body got used on a style1 case set.

|  1967 XLCH Oil Pump ((photos by ss396 of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=1864035&highlight=Ironhead+Crankcase+Drain+Plug&page=4))  || 
|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:1967_xlch_oil_pump_1_by_ss396.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:1967_xlch_oil_pump_2_by_ss396.jpg?direct&300|}}|
===== 1972-1976 =====

  * These go back to 16t gears and a snap ring with long key ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
  * Feed gears are the same as 57-e62 but the scavenge set is now wider again (wider than any of the previous sets).
  * Breather gear gets enlarged slots in it. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
  * Breather timing: 
    * Open 20-25 deg ATDC Front CYL ((thefrenchowl of the XLFORUM® http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=989934))
    * Close 85-90 deg ABDC Front CYL ((thefrenchowl of the XLFORUM® http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=989934))
  * Body and breather housing get an extra hole (2 holes now) drilled in them for additional return capacity, cases also get extra matching hole. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
  * Solid feed gear drive pin gets replaced by the hated roll pin. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
  * Dowels between body and breather housing are now history. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204)) 


  * Each complete pump breaks down into these components: ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showpost.php?p=3272806&postcount=204))
  - Breather or sleeve gear-has the 2 slots in it
  - Breather gear housing- cast iron part that breather rides in
  - Feed gear set and drive pin (the skinnier of the 2 gear sets)
  - Pump body
  - Scavenge gear set and drive key and retaining clip.

====== 1977-1985 Production Oil Pumps ======
===== Sub Documents =====

  * [[techtalk:ih:oil03a|77-85 Oil Pump - Individual Parts and Pics]]
  * [[techtalk:ih:oil03b|77-85 Oil Pump and Parts (approximate) Dims]]
  * [[techtalk:ih:oil03c|77-85 Oil Pump Damage Pics]]
  * [[techtalk:ih:oil03d|77-85 Oil Pump Parts Lists and Upgrades]]
  * [[techtalk:ih:oil03e|77-85 Oil Pump Dis-assembly / Re-assembly]]
  * [[techtalk:ref:oil06|77-Present Sportster Oil Pump Comparisons]]


  * There are 2 basic pumps:
    - 77-E83 (4 versions)
    - L83-85
  * Only 1 plumbing style:
    * The oil pump gets gravity fed oil from the tank by an external hose. 
    * Oil feed to the engine is a drilled passage in the right crankcase fed internally straight from the oil pump.
    * Return oil is sent through a fitting at the pump to the oil tank by an external hose.
  * Any 77-85 oil pump can be mated to 77-85 cases as a unit. Mixing internal parts gets a little tricky.
    * 77-E83 gerotors can be used in L83 and up pumps.
    * L83 gerotors can only be used in L83 style pumps.
    * There were 2 different outer separator plates used from 77-85 with different IDs.
      * Each has it's own type gearshaft seal that must be used with it.
      * Each plate will fit any 77-85 oil pump as a set with it's specific seal.
  * See "77-85 Oil Pump Parts Lists and Upgrades" above for the complete list and years for all the changes.

===== 1977 and Later Sportster Oil Pump Cycle =====
  * The oil pump is fitted with gerotors instead of gears consisting of two gerotor pumps in the same pump housing. \\ The pump is gravity fed from the oil tank. The feed pump forces oil to the engine while the scavenger pump collects and returns oil back to the oil tank. 
  * A gerotor type pump has 2 elements, an inner (which always has one less tooth than the outer) and an outer gerotor. \\ Both elements are mounted on fixed centers but are eccentric to each other. ((1970-1978 HD XL/XLH/XLCH/XLT 1000 FSM))

  * In a gerotor type pump, oil is transferred from the inlet to the outlet as it is trapped between the rotating inner and outer gerotors. ((1970-1978 HD XL/XLH/XLCH/XLT 1000 FSM))
  * All Sportster gerotor pumps (77 and up) turn clockwise when viewed from the top. \\ (as opposed to 76 and older pumps that turn counter clockwise) ((needspeed of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=2071153&page=7))

  * The gearshaft is in a worm gear configuration with the drive gear on the pinion shaft.
  * During the first 180 degrees of rotation, the cavity between the inner and outer elements gradually increases in size. \\ Maximum cavity volume is equal to the full volume of the missing tooth. \\ The gradually enlarging cavity creates a vacuum into which the oil flows out from the inlet. 
  * During the next 180 degrees of rotation, the size of the cavity decreases forcing oil into the outlet.((1970-1978 HD XL/XLH/XLCH/XLT 1000 FSM))

  * Oil is forced into a valve with a one way spring loaded cup set at 1-1/2 psi. \\ From that valve, oil exits the pump and enters the crankcase. Oil pressure is indicated by the oil pressure switch. ((1970-1978 HD XL/XLH/XLCH/XLT 1000 FSM)) 

{{:techtalk:ih:oil:77-_85_oil_pump_drawing_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&400|}} ((drawing by Hippysmack))


  * This pump has two hose fittings; ((ironheadjunkie of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=1400314&page=2))
    * The rear fitting is the oil feed.
    * The front fitting (above the oil pressure switch) is the oil return.
  * Simplified cycle;
    * The oil will go from the bottom of the oil tank to the rear fitting on the oil pump.
    * Then, the oil will return from the front fitting of the oil pump to the oil tank.

|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:77_style_oil_pump_by_2_ironheadjunkie.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:77_style_oil_pump_by_1_ironheadjunkie.jpg?direct&300|}}|
|  77-81 Style Oil Pump ((photos by ironheadjunkie of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=1400314&page=2))  ||
===== Gerotors =====

===== 1977-E1983 Oil Pump with Gerotors =====
|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:77-85_oil_pump_feed_gerotors_1_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:77-85_oil_pump_scavenger_gerotors_1_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:77-e83_gerotors_by_hippysmack.jpg?direct&300|}}|

=== Specs and Servicing ===
With the replacement of the gear driven oil pump by the new gerotor style pump, HD issued a recommendation to dealers regarding servicing of the new style oil pumps. ((HD Service Bulletin #M-711 dated June 3, 1977))


  * Zero gerotor (gear) side clearance must be maintained by the flat spring located between the upper and lower gerotor sets in the oil pump to provide adequate oil pressure.  For the spring to function properly, the upper face of the lower feed gerotors must extend slightly above the cover to prevent any side clearance which would allow oil to get past the gerotors and reduce oil pressure. ((HD Service Bulletin #M-711 dated June 3, 1977))

  * If you encounter reduced oil, no oil pressure (oil pressure light comes on or stays on) or otherwise need to disassemble the oil pump for any reason, the gerotors should be checked and serviced. ((HD Service Bulletin #M-711 dated June 3, 1977))
  * Using a straightedge across the feed gerotor set (installed) surface, measurement should be taken with a feeler gauge from the gerotor surface to the ridge of the edge of the aluminum cover: 
    * The thin, feed gerotors (26492-75) are in the oil pump cover (26486-75) and should extend .001" - .005" above the cover's aluminum ridge which surrounds them. ((HD Service Bulletin #M-711 dated June 3, 1977))
    *  The later gerotors extend up to .011" above the ridge.  If the feed gerotors do not extend above the ridge within the specified range, remove them, lay some sandpaper (#280 grit to start - #400 grit to finish), invert the cover and sand the ridge evenly until the gerotors extend properly when inserted. Check the measurement with a micrometer to see that both the inner and outer gerotors are the same thickness. ((HD Service Bulletin #M-711 dated June 3, 1977))
    * If the widths measure equally but the gerotors are not equal in height when placed into the cover, then the cover surface is not flat and the cover should be replaced.  Be sure to check the gerotors in the new cover using a straight edge to assure a level surface and the proper elevation above the ridge. ((HD Service Bulletin #M-711 dated June 3, 1977))
  * Another possible cause of low oil pressure is air leakage into the pump due to a loose hose clamp at the oil pump feed hose fitting (63540-62) and at the oil tank feed hose fitting. If the existing feed hose clamp (10020) cannot be evenly and securely crimped to the fittings, remove the clamp and install a worm drive hose clamp. This will prevent air leakage into the system which could cause loss of oil pressure due to an airlock in the oil pump. ((HD Service Bulletin #M-711 dated June 3, 1977))
  * Oil pump covers found with an uneven gerotor surface should be removed. ((HD Service Bulletin #M-711 dated June 3, 1977))

\\

|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:77_oil_pump_parts_by_northern_bobber.jpg?direct&300|}}|
|  77 Oil Pump Parts ((photo by northern bobber of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=2027306&highlight=oil+pump+gear))  |

|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:79_style_oil_pump_1_by_peteroo.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:79_style_oil_pump_2_by_peteroo.jpg?direct&300|}}|{{:techtalk:ih:oil:79_style_oil_pump_3_by_peteroo.jpg?direct&300|}}|
|  79 Oil Pump ((photo by Peteroo of the XLFORUM http://xlforum.net/forums/showthread.php?t=2070085))  |||











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