REF: Oiling & Lubrication - Sportsterpedia

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====== REF: Oiling & Lubrication ======
====== Sportster Oil Pressure (57 to Present) ======

All Sportsters have oil pressure, even Ironheads. It's also been said that putting an oil gauge on an ironhead is useless due to the low oil pressure they operate on. However, most Sportsters operate off low oil pressure especially during hot idle. \\

The first answer is just to rely on the oil light. But also checking oil pressure will tell you more about the health of the oiling system. An oil gauge can be fitted to any Sportster to accurately measure the pressure against the specs in the respective FSM and then removed if desired. \\

====== Checking Oil Pressure ======
[[techtalk:ref:oil15|Click Here]] to view "Installing an Oil Pressure Gauge" in the REF section of the Sportsterpedia. \\

For an accurate reading, run the engine until the oil reaches normal operating temperature (ride at least 20 miles at or above 50mph first). \\
Compare pressure reading against the expected figures in your respective FSM as in below:

====== Expected Oil Pressure Readings ======
^{{techtalk:miscres:instruction_sheet_header_4.png?nolink&803|}}||||
|As tested with hot oil and a gauge mounted off the oil pressure switch location at the oil pump; \\ The oil pressure switch has to be removed for the gauge to be installed. \\ Oil filter is on the return side of the oil pump and should not hinder pressure reading.||||
|Year Model|Minimum|Normal Riding Conditions|Max Riding Conditions|
|1957-1969 Sportsters ((1959-1969 HD FSM pgs 3A-11, 3A-15))|3-7 psi (idle, with spark retarded)|10-14 psi (6 psi at 20 mph)|
|1970-1978 Sportsters ((1970-1978 HD FSM pgs 3-1, 3-5))|3-7 psi (idle)|4-15 psi|15 psi (60 mph in high gear)|
|1979-1985 Sportsters ((1979-1985 HD FSM pgs 3-1, 3-10))|4-7 psi (idle)|4-15 psi|10-20 psi (3500 rpm)|

^{{techtalk:miscres:instruction_sheet_header_4.png?nolink&803|}}||||
|As tested with hot oil and a gauge mounted; \\ 1. Off the plug hole on the engine case between the tappets; \\ 2. Off the oil pressure switch location at the oil filter pad. \\ Oil filter is on the feed side of the pump giving higher pressure on the pressure gauge. \\ **Note**: Oil pressure will be lower when checked between the tappets but the FSM specs use this hole for testing.||||
|Year Model|Minimum|Normal Riding Conditions|Notes|
|1986-1990 Sportsters ((1986 HD FSM pgs 3-2)) ((1986-1990 HD FSM pgs 3-2, 3-10)) ((1986-1990 HD FSM pg 3-10))|1-7 psi|5-30 psi (2500 rpm)|tested from plug hole between tappets.|
|:::|7-17 psi|not specified|tested from oil pressure switch \\ location at the oil filter pad|

^{{techtalk:miscres:instruction_sheet_header_4.png?nolink&803|}}|||
|As tested off the oil pressure switch location at the oil filter pad. \\ Oil filter is on the feed side of the pump giving higher pressure on the gauge.|||
|Year Model|Minimum|Normal Riding Conditions|
|1991 Sportsters ((1991 HD FSM pgs 3-2, 3-32))|7-12 psi|12-17 psi (2500 rpm)|
|1992-2004 Sportsters ((respective FSMs))| 7-12 psi|10-17 psi (2500 rpm)|
|2013 XR1200X ((shanneba from the XLFORUM- 2013 Factory Service Manual))|16-20 psi|40-44 psi|
|:::|Has oil pressure relief set at 50 psi. ((shanneba from the XLFORUM- 2013 Factory Service Manual)) Includes an oil cooler w/ thermostat \\ opens at 190ºF (88ºC).||

===== Gauge installed at the rocker box on Ironheads =====
Installing a gauge at the rocker box is basically useless in diagnosing from the FSM. \\
There are no specs in the manuals to support any readings taken from the rockers. \\
Oil pressure will most likely be measurable on startup but low to nil when the oil gets to operating temp. \\ 
However, below are some noted pressure readings from XLFORUM members. \\

A 0-15 psi gauge (although it will max out with a cold motor) will give you the most accurate readings with hot oil. ((simeli of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/54570-step-by-step-fitting-a-rocker-box-pressure-guage/page4?t=263589&highlight=lower+oil+pump&page=4)) \\
A 0-30 psi gauge is only useful at cold temps. \\
A 0-60 psi gauge is useless when testing from the rocker box. \\
All of this depends on the oil you are running also. \\

Multiple viscosity oils will show low to no pressure at running hot or cold idle. \\
50 wt in the summer shows lower pressure while 60 wt. 

  * 3-5 psi at hot idle.
  * 15 psi+ when cold.
  * 7-10 psi during normal riding conditions.

Other XLF member results noted from the rocker box: \\
  * Cold start, running 20/50, - pressure off the scale at startup. ((paulc of the XLFORUM https://www.xlforum.net/forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/158701-fitting-rocker-box-oil-pressure-gauge/page2?t=1698960&page=2))
    * Settled to 8-9 psi after a few minutes at fast idle. 
    * After 2 miles, the pressure was steady at 12 psi.
    * After 5 miles, pressure dropped to 1-2 psi.
    * After 11 miles, pressure dropped to zero and stayed there.
    * When stopped at end of ride, it stayed at zero on idle.
    * Will see if the same thing happens at the weekend. 

====== Mapping Oil Pressure ======
When a problem is suspected, it helps to have a reference graph against which to compare the results. ((https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/1772/oil-pressure-bearing-wear)) \\
It is, therefore, advisable to map an engine shortly after it has been run in, and then use this baseline for comparison with later graphs. \\
Any change or drop-off in the graphs should be investigated. \\
First, check the pump (and pressure-relief valve if applicable). \\
If no fault is found with the pump, the engine itself should be inspected for excessive leakage. \\

  - Make sure the engine has reached full operating temperature. \\ If possible, record the oil temperature when the pressure readings are taken. \\ The oil temperature is important because the oil thins rapidly as the oil temperature increases, and thickens again when it cools down. \\ The thickness of the oil (viscosity) affects the pressures obtained and may give inaccurately high readings if measured at too low of a temperature.
  - Connect an oil pressure gauge in place of the oil sending unit.
  - Connect a tachometer if required.
  - Measure oil pressure at 10 or more engine speed intervals equally spaced between idle and maximum engine speed.
  - Record the readings. \\ It is helpful to record the readings on graph paper and then draw a straight line from the first (idle) reading to the last reading taken at max engine speed.

A chart similar to the one below can be used to keep up with successive pressure readings. \\
{{:techtalk:ref:oil:sportster_oil_pressure_-_oil_pressure_mapping_chart_by_hippysmack.png?direct&400|}} ((drawing by Hippysmack)) \\


\\ 

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