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techtalk:ref:oil07 [2018/12/08 22:39] hippysmack [Construction] |
techtalk:ref:oil07 [2022/08/21 18:35] (current) hippysmack [Anti-Drainback Valve] |
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| - | ===== Filter Media ===== | + | ===== Filter Media Construction ===== |
| - | ==== Construction ==== | + | * Car oil filters in the United States are made by only a handful of manufacturers. ((https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/30697/choose-oil-filter)) |
| + | * These include Fram, Wix (Dana), Hastings, Champion Labs and Baldwin. | ||
| + | * Many of these companies supply the oil filters that bear the brands of automakers, oil companies, mass merchandisers, auto parts stores and quick-lube operators. | ||
| + | * A close inspection of the can shape, construction and the base plate usually reveals its manufacturer. | ||
| + | * An oil filter can be cut open and disassembled for further inspection. | ||
| + | ==== Media Type ==== | ||
| Some filter materials are lightweight steel, plastic or cardboard. \\ | Some filter materials are lightweight steel, plastic or cardboard. \\ | ||
| Their ability to stand up to long service intervals, repeated shock loading, vibration, thermal cycles, temperature extremes and changing motor chemistry may be marginal in certain applications and worst-case scenarios. ((https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/30697/choose-oil-filter)) \\ | Their ability to stand up to long service intervals, repeated shock loading, vibration, thermal cycles, temperature extremes and changing motor chemistry may be marginal in certain applications and worst-case scenarios. ((https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/30697/choose-oil-filter)) \\ | ||
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| * Whatever media is used, it usually starts out in sheet form and is then folded or pleated to expose more surface area to oil flow. | * Whatever media is used, it usually starts out in sheet form and is then folded or pleated to expose more surface area to oil flow. | ||
| * This is done to increase contaminant carrying capacity and to reduce the pressure differential across the filter. | * This is done to increase contaminant carrying capacity and to reduce the pressure differential across the filter. | ||
| - | * The most common media: ((http://hydraulicsolution.com/2016/11/29/part-4-understanding-oil-filter-specifications-ratings/)) \\ (synthetic media will appear white and felt-like while cellulose will look like orange-brown colored cardboard) https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/30697/choose-oil-filter)) | + | * The most common media: ((http://hydraulicsolution.com/2016/11/29/part-4-understanding-oil-filter-specifications-ratings/)) \\ (synthetic media will appear white and felt-like while cellulose will look like orange-brown colored cardboard) ((https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/30697/choose-oil-filter)) |
| * **Wire mesh**: constructed of either standard or stainless steel in a woven mesh. \\ Because of the limitations in wire size and construction techniques, they are not available in very fine micron ratings. | * **Wire mesh**: constructed of either standard or stainless steel in a woven mesh. \\ Because of the limitations in wire size and construction techniques, they are not available in very fine micron ratings. | ||
| * **Cellulose**: made from wood pulp. \\ The “paper” used for cellulose filters isn’t much more sophisticated than the paper used for writing. \\ They are however cheap. \\ The downside of this type of media is that it is not very efficient nor do they have a high dirt holding capacity. Cellulose also absorbs water, which may or may not be a benefit. \\ They can be used to remove water from the system, however if this is not the desired effect and there is water in the system, the filter element will still absorb water. \\ The pressure differential will increase and the filter will appear clogged. | * **Cellulose**: made from wood pulp. \\ The “paper” used for cellulose filters isn’t much more sophisticated than the paper used for writing. \\ They are however cheap. \\ The downside of this type of media is that it is not very efficient nor do they have a high dirt holding capacity. Cellulose also absorbs water, which may or may not be a benefit. \\ They can be used to remove water from the system, however if this is not the desired effect and there is water in the system, the filter element will still absorb water. \\ The pressure differential will increase and the filter will appear clogged. | ||
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| ===== Advertised Filtration Efficiency ===== | ===== Advertised Filtration Efficiency ===== | ||
| ==== Micron Ratings ==== | ==== Micron Ratings ==== | ||
| + | In a case study performed by General Motors and published by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE); \\ | ||
| + | It was determined that engine service life could be extended eight times when 5-micron filtration is implemented vs. the standard 40-micron filtration. ((https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/29026/engine-bypass-filtration)) | ||
| + | |||
| * A micron is another name for micro-meter. (1 millionth of a meter or 39 millionths of an inch). | * A micron is another name for micro-meter. (1 millionth of a meter or 39 millionths of an inch). | ||
| * Micron ratings were used initially by various filter manufacturers to evaluate the relating porosity of flat sheets of media used in making filter elements. \\ (intended purpose to indicate the relative freeness or tightness of a sheet of filter media) \\ | * Micron ratings were used initially by various filter manufacturers to evaluate the relating porosity of flat sheets of media used in making filter elements. \\ (intended purpose to indicate the relative freeness or tightness of a sheet of filter media) \\ | ||
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| + | |||
| + | ====== Filter Fitment ====== | ||
| + | In April of 1995, the MoCo issued a Tech Tip stating: ((HD Technical Tips #42 dated April of 1995 pg 1)) \\ | ||
| + | When replacing oil filters during service intervals; \\ | ||
| + | Check that the oil filter adapter has a sufficient amount of threads protruding to properly engage the filter. \\ | ||
| + | The correct thread length should be 0.45"-0.52" \\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | The MoCo issued a Tech Tip on Oil Filter Fitment((HD Technical Tips #43 dated Sept of 1995)) \\ | ||
| + | Remember to check the oil filter adapter to ensure that it is tight. \\ | ||
| + | Any loose adapters should be removed, cleaned, threads coated with 242 Loctite and installed to correct thread height (as above) \\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | In September of 1995, the MoCo issued a Tech Tip on oil filter fitment. ((HD Technical Tips #43 dated Sept of 1995)) \\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | All OEM filters are interchangeable between the models (spin-ons). \\ (however we recommend that you use the appropriate filter for the model) \\ | ||
| + | But, there are some things to be aware of if filters are swapped between models. \\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | - Although Dyna models can use the short filter in place of the long filter, \\ The oiling system capacity would be reduced. | ||
| + | - Long filters cannot be used on EFI models because of the contact with the crankshaft position sensor. | ||
| + | - Eagle Iron oil filters are 1/4" longer than the stock filter. | ||
| + | On some models, you may run into a fitment problem. | ||
| ===== Filter Height ===== | ===== Filter Height ===== | ||
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| * Some filter designs incorporate a combination anti-drain and relief valve with an integrated unit construction. | * Some filter designs incorporate a combination anti-drain and relief valve with an integrated unit construction. | ||
| - | |On some engines the filter is mounted in a position which allows the oil in the filter to drain back to the crankcase when the engine is stopped ((Fram PDF Oil Pressure Warning Light Problems https://www.fram.com/support/tech-documents/consumer-documents/)). This would be the case for the filter mounting shown in Figure 2 where the filter is horizontal and is above the level of the oil in the crankcase. Since a filter holds up to a quart of oil, it takes about 5 seconds for the pump to fill the filter after the engine has been started during which time the warning light will remain on. To prevent the engine from operating without oil pressure for this period of time after startup, the filters designed for these special mounting positions contain an anti-drain back valve. This valve is usually in the form of a rubber gasket which allows the free flowof oil through the filter in the normal direction, but when the engine is shut down it prevents the oil in the filter from draining back to the crankcase. If the warning light remains on for longer periods after the filter has been on the car for some time, replacing the filter is recommended. Under some conditions the warning light may flicker when the engine is running. This usually happens when the car is going around a corner or is on a relatively steep hill. If flickering occurs under these conditions, it is because the oil level is low and the pump strainer is no longer fully submerged in the oil. The oil level should be immediately brought up to normal. In summary, the oil pressure warning light provides vital information to the driver. If the light remains on or even flickers when the engine is running, it should be shut off immediately and the cause investigated. | + | On some car engines the filter is mounted in a position which allows the oil in the filter to drain back to the crankcase when the engine is stopped. ((Fram PDF Oil Pressure Warning Light Problems https://www.fram.com/support/tech-documents/consumer-documents/)) \\ |
| + | This would be the case where the filter is horizontal and is above the level of the oil in the crankcase. \\ | ||
| + | Since a filter holds up to a quart of oil, it takes about 5 seconds for the pump to fill the filter after the engine has been started. \\ | ||
| + | During which time the warning light will remain on. \\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | To prevent the engine from operating without oil pressure for this period of time after startup, \\ | ||
| + | Some filters are designed for these special mounting positions to contain an anti-drain back valve. \\ | ||
| + | This valve is usually in the form of a rubber gasket which allows the free flow of oil through the filter in the normal direction. \\ | ||
| + | But when the engine is shut down, it prevents the oil in the filter from draining back to the crankcase (oil pump in the case of Sportsters). \\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | **There is no need to install a filter with an anti-drainback valve on a Sportster**. \\ | ||
| + | The oil tank sits higher than the oil filter housing. So if any oil could drain back, oil can't run uphill by itself. \\ | ||
| + | Sportsters have an inherent problem with oil gravity draining into the engine when the engine is shut off and it sits for a while (sit-sumping). \\ | ||
| + | This is due to either a worn check valve or worn clearances in the oil pump. \\ | ||
| + | So, oil in a Sportster will be pushed against the filter at all times __without__ a drainback valve in the filter. \\ | ||
| + | Oil will also be pushed against the filter at all times with a drainback valve in the filter. \\ | ||
| + | The only thing a drainback filter will do is add restriction / raise pressure on the hose feeding the oil filter. \\ | ||
| + | An anti-drainback valve will not stop or even slow "sit-sumping" as we know it with the engine shut down. \\ | ||
| + | When the ADV rubber flap closes in the filter, it just keeps oil that is in the non filtered side from coming back down the inlet hose to the filter. \\ | ||
| + | It does not stop oil from seeping or otherwise entering the inlet side of the filter (just from leaving /reversing out the inlet hose). \\ | ||
| + | Any oil that has made it thru the filter media is not affected by the rubber flap (not stopped from flowing or seeping out). \\ | ||
| + | With the filter on the feed side (86-up), gravity will push oil down the feed hose from tank, past the oil pump, past the ADV flap and into the filter. \\ | ||
| + | With filter on return side (85-down), the only oil that can get back to motor from filter is what is present between filter inlet (before ADV) and motor. \\ | ||
| + | The oil check ball / valve is suppose to stop any oil from leaving the filtered side from getting into the motor. \\ | ||
| + | The ADV has no relation to wetsumping on a Sportster. Oil drainback from the return side through the pump should be minimal at best. \\ | ||
| + | * On 1979-1985 Sportsters, the only thing an ADV will prevent is oil coming back down the return line from the tank to filter (only what's in that portion of hose on shutdown). \\ So what oil may be stored on shutdown between the filter and the tank isblocked from re-entering the motor back through the pump. \\ (whether a short section of hose or hosing and oil cooler content if applicable) \\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | This is from a HD Parts and Accessories Bulletin (PAB-398) dated 11-1-1988. Low restriction oil filter (63806-83) has been obsoleted. \\ | ||
| + | It was originally offered as a low restriction filter to insure proper return of oil to the oil tank. \\ | ||
| + | This filter did not have a drain-back valve (**which is not required in Harley-Davidson applications**) to reduce restriction. \\ | ||
| + | Recently, the drain-back valve was removed from oil filters 63796-77 (chrome) and 63805-80 (black) to reduce oil filter restriction. \\ | ||
| + | The part numbers were changed to 63796-77A and 63805-80A to reflect this change. \\ | ||
| + | Either of these oil filters can be used in place of 63806-83. \\ | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{:techtalk:ref:oil:1979-1985_sportster_with_anti-drainback_valve_in_filter_by_hippysmack.png?direct&400|}} ((drawing by Hippysmack)) \\ | ||
| ===== Relief (Bypass) Valve ===== | ===== Relief (Bypass) Valve ===== | ||
