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techtalk:ref:wheels04 [2017/07/04 11:07]
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-====== Tire 101 ====== 
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 ====== Decoding Tire Sizes and Various Tire Charts ====== ====== Decoding Tire Sizes and Various Tire Charts ======
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 A lot of these charts are listed with most tire manufacturers. However, you may not see them all with each manufacturer. Most all of the charts and necessary information you need for tire buying analysis is listed below for easy access in the same directory. This is not, however, a tire or brand comparison. ​ A lot of these charts are listed with most tire manufacturers. However, you may not see them all with each manufacturer. Most all of the charts and necessary information you need for tire buying analysis is listed below for easy access in the same directory. This is not, however, a tire or brand comparison. ​
  
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 ===== Tire Maintenance Chart ===== ===== Tire Maintenance Chart =====
-  + ​^FRONT^^^^^^
-^FRONT^^^^^^+
 |PSI Solo Rider:||PSI 2-UP:||PSI 2-UP/ cargo:|| |PSI Solo Rider:||PSI 2-UP:||PSI 2-UP/ cargo:||
 |Installation Date |Odometer Reading |Tire Brand |Tire Model |Tire Size |Tube Size | |Installation Date |Odometer Reading |Tire Brand |Tire Model |Tire Size |Tube Size |
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 ===== Tire Width Cross Reference Table ===== ===== Tire Width Cross Reference Table =====
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 ^ Tire Width Cross Reference Table ((https://​www.denniskirk.com/​learn/​tire-sizes-explained))^^^^^ ^ Tire Width Cross Reference Table ((https://​www.denniskirk.com/​learn/​tire-sizes-explained))^^^^^
 |Permissible Rim Widths|Metric|Alphanumeric|Standard Inch|Low Profile Inch| |Permissible Rim Widths|Metric|Alphanumeric|Standard Inch|Low Profile Inch|
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 ===== Load Index Rating and Speed Index Charts ===== ===== Load Index Rating and Speed Index Charts =====
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 | **Load Index (LI) Rating** ((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))|||||| ​ **Speed Index Chart**((Motorcycle Industry Council | **Load Index (LI) Rating** ((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))|||||| ​ **Speed Index Chart**((Motorcycle Industry Council
 Tire Guide))((http://​www.maxxis.com/​other-motorcycle-information/​motorcycle-tire-school#​motorcycle_load_indexes)) ​ ||  Tire Guide))((http://​www.maxxis.com/​other-motorcycle-information/​motorcycle-tire-school#​motorcycle_load_indexes)) ​ || 
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 ===== Cross-Referencing Popular Tire Sizes ===== ===== Cross-Referencing Popular Tire Sizes =====
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 |**Cross-Reference Chart for Popular Road Tire Sizes**((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))|||**Cross-Reference Chart for Popular Off-Road Tire Sizes**((http://​www.revzilla.com/​common-tread/​motorcycle-tires-101-guide))||| |**Cross-Reference Chart for Popular Road Tire Sizes**((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))|||**Cross-Reference Chart for Popular Off-Road Tire Sizes**((http://​www.revzilla.com/​common-tread/​motorcycle-tires-101-guide))|||
 ^FRONT TIRES^^^^^^ ^FRONT TIRES^^^^^^
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 ===== Rubber Hardness Testing ===== ===== Rubber Hardness Testing =====
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 ^Hardness Testing for Motorcycle Tires^^ ^Hardness Testing for Motorcycle Tires^^
 |A Durometer was used on a few brands of tires. Below are the results. Neither the specifics of the testing nor the durameter pressure settings were discussed so accuracy of the results cannot be verified.|| |A Durometer was used on a few brands of tires. Below are the results. Neither the specifics of the testing nor the durameter pressure settings were discussed so accuracy of the results cannot be verified.||
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 ===== National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (UTQG) Grading System ===== ===== National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (UTQG) Grading System =====
- +|The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has established the UTQG grading system, the Uniform Tire Quality Grading, to assist consumers in their purchase of tires. Basically it's another tool to be used besides the opinions you gather from trusted friends, mechanics and whatever other sources you may have at your disposal. The key to using this system is to understand that it is a relative comparison system. The UTQG is not a safety rating and not a guarantee that a tire will last for a prescribed number of miles. Under UTQG, manufacturers use three criteria to grade tires: Traction,​Temperature and Treadwear. The information is right where you need it when buying the tire: 1, On the paper label affixed to the tread and 2, On the tire molded into the sidewall. ((slcharger of the XLFORUM ​https://www.xlforum.net/​forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-drivetrain/​sportster-motorcycle-tires-wheels-and-brakes-aa/​185137-general-warning-tires?​t=1984086&​highlight=tire+compound))The tests are also done in a lab, making it possible to gather much more empirical data, but also calling into question the exact application of that data to real-world conditions.((http://​tires.about.com/​od/​understanding_tires/​a/​Uniform-Tire-Quality-Grading-Explained.htm))||| ​
-|The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has established the UTQG grading system, the Uniform Tire Quality Grading, to assist consumers in their purchase of tires. Basically it's another tool to be used besides the opinions you gather from trusted friends, mechanics and whatever other sources you may have at your disposal. The key to using this system is to understand that it is a relative comparison system. The UTQG is not a safety rating and not a guarantee that a tire will last for a prescribed number of miles. Under UTQG, manufacturers use three criteria to grade tires: Traction,​Temperature and Treadwear. The information is right where you need it when buying the tire: 1, On the paper label affixed to the tread and 2, On the tire molded into the sidewall. ((slcharger of the XLFORUM ​http://​xlforum.net/​vbportal/forums/showthread.php?​t=1984086&​highlight=tire+compound))The tests are also done in a lab, making it possible to gather much more empirical data, but also calling into question the exact application of that data to real-world conditions.((http://​tires.about.com/​od/​understanding_tires/​a/​Uniform-Tire-Quality-Grading-Explained.htm))||| ​+
 ^UTQG Traction Grades^^^ ^UTQG Traction Grades^^^
 |Specifications are based on tests to determine the tire's coefficient of friction on wet asphalt and wet concrete at 40 mph. The tire is given a letter grade depending on the amount of G's the tire can withstand on each surface. The grades are as follows:​((http://​tires.about.com/​od/​understanding_tires/​a/​Uniform-Tire-Quality-Grading-Explained.htm))||| |Specifications are based on tests to determine the tire's coefficient of friction on wet asphalt and wet concrete at 40 mph. The tire is given a letter grade depending on the amount of G's the tire can withstand on each surface. The grades are as follows:​((http://​tires.about.com/​od/​understanding_tires/​a/​Uniform-Tire-Quality-Grading-Explained.htm))|||
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 |The traction test does not evaluate the tire's ability to perform dry braking, dry or wet cornering or hydroplaning resistance. These are rather important qualities as well. To evaluate a tire's traction based solely on wet braking is somewhat oversimplifying actual tire performance. A tire that is graded as A for wet braking might well have better lateral grip than another tire graded AA.((http://​tires.about.com/​od/​understanding_tires/​a/​Uniform-Tire-Quality-Grading-Explained.htm))||| ​ |The traction test does not evaluate the tire's ability to perform dry braking, dry or wet cornering or hydroplaning resistance. These are rather important qualities as well. To evaluate a tire's traction based solely on wet braking is somewhat oversimplifying actual tire performance. A tire that is graded as A for wet braking might well have better lateral grip than another tire graded AA.((http://​tires.about.com/​od/​understanding_tires/​a/​Uniform-Tire-Quality-Grading-Explained.htm))||| ​
 ^UTQG Temperature Grades^^^ ^UTQG Temperature Grades^^^
-|Temperature grading is based on the tire's ability to dissipate heat while running at high speed against a rotating cylinder. A tire that cannot dissipate heat effectively will break down faster at higher speeds. ((http://​tires.about.com/​od/​understanding_tires/​a/​Uniform-Tire-Quality-Grading-Explained.htm))The "​A"​ rated tire is the coolest running, and even though the "​C"​ tire runs hotter it does not mean it is unsafe. The temperature grade is established for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded.((slcharger of the XLFORUM ​http://​xlforum.net/​vbportal/forums/showthread.php?​t=1984086&​highlight=tire+compound))|||+|Temperature grading is based on the tire's ability to dissipate heat while running at high speed against a rotating cylinder. A tire that cannot dissipate heat effectively will break down faster at higher speeds. ((http://​tires.about.com/​od/​understanding_tires/​a/​Uniform-Tire-Quality-Grading-Explained.htm))The "​A"​ rated tire is the coolest running, and even though the "​C"​ tire runs hotter it does not mean it is unsafe. The temperature grade is established for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded.((slcharger of the XLFORUM ​https://www.xlforum.net/​forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-drivetrain/​sportster-motorcycle-tires-wheels-and-brakes-aa/​185137-general-warning-tires?​t=1984086&​highlight=tire+compound))|||
 ^Temperatue Grade^Speed (mph)^^ ^Temperatue Grade^Speed (mph)^^
 |A|Means that the tire is able to run for long periods of time at speeds over 155 miles per hour|| |A|Means that the tire is able to run for long periods of time at speeds over 155 miles per hour||
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 |200| Tread life is twice the treadwear of the control tire|| |200| Tread life is twice the treadwear of the control tire||
 |400| Treadlife is four times the treadwear of the control tire|| |400| Treadlife is four times the treadwear of the control tire||
-| However, another tire manufacturer may grade a comparable design 300, so a grade of 150 would last just half as long under their grading scheme. The lesson learned is to not to use one manufacturer'​s grade versus the other, but instead to compare tire grades within a given brand. Actual treadwear performance can vary tremendously according to the tire's real-world use. Variations in driving habits, service practices (most importantly air pressure maintenance),​ road conditions and climate affect tire life((slcharger of the XLFORUM ​http://​xlforum.net/​vbportal/forums/showthread.php?​t=1984086&​highlight=tire+compound))||| ​ +| However, another tire manufacturer may grade a comparable design 300, so a grade of 150 would last just half as long under their grading scheme. The lesson learned is to not to use one manufacturer'​s grade versus the other, but instead to compare tire grades within a given brand. Actual treadwear performance can vary tremendously according to the tire's real-world use. Variations in driving habits, service practices (most importantly air pressure maintenance),​ road conditions and climate affect tire life((slcharger of the XLFORUM ​https://www.xlforum.net/​forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-drivetrain/​sportster-motorcycle-tires-wheels-and-brakes-aa/​185137-general-warning-tires?​t=1984086&​highlight=tire+compound))||| ​
  
 ===== Explanations of Motorcycle Tire Technical Specs ===== ===== Explanations of Motorcycle Tire Technical Specs =====
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   * (*) - Approved for BMW (OE). Can be mounted on other vehicles.((https://​www.tyreleader.co.uk/​tyres-advices/​motorcycle-tyres-marking))   * (*) - Approved for BMW (OE). Can be mounted on other vehicles.((https://​www.tyreleader.co.uk/​tyres-advices/​motorcycle-tyres-marking))
   * BLT - Raised Black Lettering.   * BLT - Raised Black Lettering.
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-===== Tires 101 =====+====== Tires 101 ======
  
-==== Terminology ====+===== Terminology ​=====
   * Basic tire construction terms: ((http://​www.revzilla.com/​common-tread/​motorcycle-tires-101-guide))((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))   * Basic tire construction terms: ((http://​www.revzilla.com/​common-tread/​motorcycle-tires-101-guide))((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))
     Aspect Ratio – Designates the height of the tire, measured from the top edge of the rim to the top of the tire, as a percentage of the width. What this means is that the upper sidewall of a 225/65 tire has a height of 65% of the 225 millimeter width, or 146.25 millimeters tall.     Aspect Ratio – Designates the height of the tire, measured from the top edge of the rim to the top of the tire, as a percentage of the width. What this means is that the upper sidewall of a 225/65 tire has a height of 65% of the 225 millimeter width, or 146.25 millimeters tall.
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     * Width in millimeters:​ The first of the tire size numbers gives you the width of the tire from sidewall to sidewall in millimeters. If the number begins with a "​P"​ the tire is called "​P-Metric"​ and is built in the US. If not, the tire is a European metric tire. The only difference between the two is a very slight one in terms of how load rating are calculated for the size, but the two are essentially interchangeable.     * Width in millimeters:​ The first of the tire size numbers gives you the width of the tire from sidewall to sidewall in millimeters. If the number begins with a "​P"​ the tire is called "​P-Metric"​ and is built in the US. If not, the tire is a European metric tire. The only difference between the two is a very slight one in terms of how load rating are calculated for the size, but the two are essentially interchangeable.
  
- +===== Tire Inspection =====
-==== Tire Inspection ==== +
   * Check your air pressure as part of your pre-ride “T-CLOCS” inspection (TCLOCS means Tires and Wheels, Controls, Lights, Oil, and Stands) and adjust it according to your motorcycle’s owner’s manual or the tire information label. There may be two sets of recommendations for tire pressure (as well as suspension settings): one for solo riding and one for riding with a passenger and/or cargo. Do not exceed the maximum inflation pressure listed on the tire’s sidewall. And never exceed the motorcycle’s or tire’s load limit (combined weight of operator, passenger, cargo, and accessories),​ since that can cause tire failure. ((http://​www.mic.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))   * Check your air pressure as part of your pre-ride “T-CLOCS” inspection (TCLOCS means Tires and Wheels, Controls, Lights, Oil, and Stands) and adjust it according to your motorcycle’s owner’s manual or the tire information label. There may be two sets of recommendations for tire pressure (as well as suspension settings): one for solo riding and one for riding with a passenger and/or cargo. Do not exceed the maximum inflation pressure listed on the tire’s sidewall. And never exceed the motorcycle’s or tire’s load limit (combined weight of operator, passenger, cargo, and accessories),​ since that can cause tire failure. ((http://​www.mic.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))
   * At a minimum, tires should be inspected at least once a week and before long trips for wear, cuts, breaks and punctures. The best scenario would be part of a pre-ride check before each ride.      * At a minimum, tires should be inspected at least once a week and before long trips for wear, cuts, breaks and punctures. The best scenario would be part of a pre-ride check before each ride.   
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   * Use valve caps to keep valve cores clean and clear of debris and to help guard against air leakage.   * Use valve caps to keep valve cores clean and clear of debris and to help guard against air leakage.
  
 +===== Hardness of the Rubber =====
 +  * A durometer can be a very effective tool for selecting the best tires from a new stack as well as helping to decide when your used set needs replacement. Durometers measure the relative hardness of the rubber on your tires. In order to get the most accurate results, always follow a standard routine applying equal pressure to the durometer each time you take a reading. If you press the durometer down very hard one time and then very soft the next your results will vary due to the uneven hand pressure. This can be accomplished more accurately with a durameter with a heavy duty base that applies a constant pressure to the rubber without the use or impedance of human hands. You must also take a measurement quickly and be consistent when taking readings. If you place the durometer on your tire and leave it in the same spot for several seconds, the rubber will deform giving you a false reading. The rubber conforming around the durometer-testing probe will create the false reading. Simply place the durometer on the tire surface with the footpad at a slight angle. Lightly roll the footpad until it is flat on the tire, take your reading and record the measurement. ((http://​www.longacreracing.com/​technical-articles.aspx?​item=8167&​article=Proper Durometer Use))
 +  * For accurate results you must also consider the temperature of the tire. Hot tires will be softer than cool tires. If you are looking for the softest tires in a stack then you need to take care that you take durometer readings in equal environmental conditions. For example, if you take a reading on a tire that is in the hot sun your durometer reading will be softer than an equal compound tire that is in the shade. The side of a tire facing direct sunlight will generally read softer than the side facing the shade. The temperature difference results in a durometer reading difference. Tires that have heat from a hot lap session will give you a softer durometer reading than tires that have not yet been run. If you check the tires with a pyrometer you can insure that the tires are the same temperatures to insure more accurate results. ((http://​www.longacreracing.com/​technical-articles.aspx?​item=8167&​article=Proper Durometer Use))
 +  * Be sure to prep the tire surface for a proper durometer reading. Take a small scraper and remove any debris from the tire surface. Removing debris requires little effort on hot tires. Cold tires require a little elbow grease to get down to the true tire surface. Any debris left on the tire surface will cause false readings. ​ If you are checking your tire wear with a tread depth gauge you need to remove all debris also. Durometer hardness is only part of the tire equation. Tire compound, chemical composition,​ tire tread, sidewall design, heat cycles and tire wear are all factors that affect the performance of your tires. Considering all the variables and using your durometer measurements will help you to select the right tire for the right conditions. Proper use of the durometer will allow you to track the condition of tires, giving you the chance to replace them before the tires get too hard for proper traction. ((http://​www.longacreracing.com/​technical-articles.aspx?​item=8167&​article=Proper Durometer Use))
  
-==== Tire Inflation ==== +===== Tire Inflation =====
   * Riding on tires with too much air can be dangerous. The tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by sudden impact. Do not exceed the pressure indicated on the tire sidewall. Consult your owner’s manual for the recommended inflation and other tire information. Never inflate a tire unless it is secured to the motorcycle or a tire-mounting machine. Inflating an unsecured tire is dangerous. If it bursts, it could be hurled into the air with explosive force.   * Riding on tires with too much air can be dangerous. The tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by sudden impact. Do not exceed the pressure indicated on the tire sidewall. Consult your owner’s manual for the recommended inflation and other tire information. Never inflate a tire unless it is secured to the motorcycle or a tire-mounting machine. Inflating an unsecured tire is dangerous. If it bursts, it could be hurled into the air with explosive force.
  
-==== How to Tell How Old Your Tires Are ==== +===== How to Tell How Old Your Tires Are =====
   * On the sidewall of every tire there is a DOT code. The code starts with “DOT” and ends with several numbers which tell, among other things, the date of manufacture and plant it was produced in. Look at  last block of numbers. If there is a three-digit number in the final block of numbers, the tire was produced before 2000. A four-digit number will tell the week of production in the first two digits, and the year made with  the last two. For example, 3605 as the last four characters in the DOT code means the tire was made in the 36th week of 2005. If the tires on your bike are five years old, they should be thoroughly inspected by you or a trained tire professional. If they'​re 10 years old, you should replace them, no matter what. ((http://​www.revzilla.com/​common-tread/​motorcycle-tires-101-guide))   * On the sidewall of every tire there is a DOT code. The code starts with “DOT” and ends with several numbers which tell, among other things, the date of manufacture and plant it was produced in. Look at  last block of numbers. If there is a three-digit number in the final block of numbers, the tire was produced before 2000. A four-digit number will tell the week of production in the first two digits, and the year made with  the last two. For example, 3605 as the last four characters in the DOT code means the tire was made in the 36th week of 2005. If the tires on your bike are five years old, they should be thoroughly inspected by you or a trained tire professional. If they'​re 10 years old, you should replace them, no matter what. ((http://​www.revzilla.com/​common-tread/​motorcycle-tires-101-guide))
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-==== How Long Will a Tire Last? ==== +===== How Long Will a Tire Last? ===== 
-  * Tires don't have any "​life",​ they are sacrificial by design. If a tire was made that lasted forever it would have no traction (even a brick won't last forever)(a tire will last longer)((ryder rick from the XLFORUM ​http://​xlforum.net/​vbportal/forums/showthread.php?​t=1997899&​highlight=tire+compound&​page=2))+  * Tires don't have any "​life",​ they are sacrificial by design. If a tire was made that lasted forever it would have no traction (even a brick won't last forever)(a tire will last longer)((ryder rick from the XLFORUM ​https://www.xlforum.net/​forum/sportster-motorcycle-forum/sportster-motorcycle-era-specific-and-model-specific/​ironhead-sportster-motorcycle-talk-1957-1985/​186972-trouble-making-a-decision-on-tires/​page2?​t=1997899&​highlight=tire+compound&​page=2))
   * A telltale sign that your tires are becoming old is if they have become weather checked (cracked around the circumference). But that doesn'​t always have to be the case. Many tire manufacturers actually add anti-oxidants to help prevent the breakdown from exposure to air. The integrity of the tire could still be compromised with increased age though. It's because of this and the fact that not all tires are manufactured the same that it's a good rule of thumb to try to purchase tires with the newest manufacturer date. This date will be printed on the sidewall of the tire. The large turnover of tires at retailers usually helps ensure that you are buying the newer tires. ((https://​www.denniskirk.com/​learn/​motorcycle-tire-guide))   * A telltale sign that your tires are becoming old is if they have become weather checked (cracked around the circumference). But that doesn'​t always have to be the case. Many tire manufacturers actually add anti-oxidants to help prevent the breakdown from exposure to air. The integrity of the tire could still be compromised with increased age though. It's because of this and the fact that not all tires are manufactured the same that it's a good rule of thumb to try to purchase tires with the newest manufacturer date. This date will be printed on the sidewall of the tire. The large turnover of tires at retailers usually helps ensure that you are buying the newer tires. ((https://​www.denniskirk.com/​learn/​motorcycle-tire-guide))
   * Service life is dependent on many variables such as inflation pressure, storage, driving conditions, loads, general maintenance and abuse. ((http://​www.dunlopmotorcycletires.com/​care/​faq/​))   * Service life is dependent on many variables such as inflation pressure, storage, driving conditions, loads, general maintenance and abuse. ((http://​www.dunlopmotorcycletires.com/​care/​faq/​))
   * To obtain the best mileage from your motorcycle tires, observe the following guidelines: obey the speed limit; avoid quick acceleration and hard braking; maintain recommended tire pressures; and do not overload your bike or tow a trailer. ((http://​www.dunlopmotorcycletires.com/​care/​faq/​))   * To obtain the best mileage from your motorcycle tires, observe the following guidelines: obey the speed limit; avoid quick acceleration and hard braking; maintain recommended tire pressures; and do not overload your bike or tow a trailer. ((http://​www.dunlopmotorcycletires.com/​care/​faq/​))
  
- +===== Blow-Outs ​=====
-==== Blow-Outs ====+
  
   * A tire blowout can occur suddenly and without warning, and can induce panic even in experienced riders. You may feel a vibration or sluggish handling depending on the cause of failure. If a blowout should occur, keep a firm grip on the handlebars, steer smoothly, and gently ease off the throttle. Avoid downshifting or hard braking, as these actions can upset the now-unstable chassis. If traffic permits, slow gradually and move off to the side of the road. If you must brake, limit your braking to the wheel with the good tire. Applying the brake to the wheel with the bad tire can cause the tire to separate from the rim, leading to a loss of control. Fortunately,​ blowouts are uncommon and generally preventable,​ especially with modern, tubeless tire technology. If a tire is punctured, it might be possible to patch it, but repairs should be considered a temporary measure at best, and speeds should be kept low. Some manufacturers advise against repairing holes more than ¼” in diameter, repairing radial tires or any punctures in the sidewall, or using liquid sealants. Speeds should not exceed 50 mph for the first 24 hours after the repair and the repaired tire should never be used over 80 mph. Motorcycle tires experience tremendous sideways forces and deformation when cornering, which can cause patches to flex and fail.((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))   * A tire blowout can occur suddenly and without warning, and can induce panic even in experienced riders. You may feel a vibration or sluggish handling depending on the cause of failure. If a blowout should occur, keep a firm grip on the handlebars, steer smoothly, and gently ease off the throttle. Avoid downshifting or hard braking, as these actions can upset the now-unstable chassis. If traffic permits, slow gradually and move off to the side of the road. If you must brake, limit your braking to the wheel with the good tire. Applying the brake to the wheel with the bad tire can cause the tire to separate from the rim, leading to a loss of control. Fortunately,​ blowouts are uncommon and generally preventable,​ especially with modern, tubeless tire technology. If a tire is punctured, it might be possible to patch it, but repairs should be considered a temporary measure at best, and speeds should be kept low. Some manufacturers advise against repairing holes more than ¼” in diameter, repairing radial tires or any punctures in the sidewall, or using liquid sealants. Speeds should not exceed 50 mph for the first 24 hours after the repair and the repaired tire should never be used over 80 mph. Motorcycle tires experience tremendous sideways forces and deformation when cornering, which can cause patches to flex and fail.((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))
  
-==== When to Change Tires ====+===== When to Change Tires =====
  
 ((http://​www.revzilla.com/​common-tread/​motorcycle-tires-101-guide))((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf)) ((http://​www.revzilla.com/​common-tread/​motorcycle-tires-101-guide))((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))
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   * **Chatter, wobble, wear, tread issues**: These can be caused by a defective tire but this is not a common issue with new tires.   * **Chatter, wobble, wear, tread issues**: These can be caused by a defective tire but this is not a common issue with new tires.
  
-==== Selecting the Right Tire ==== +===== Selecting the Right Tire =====
- +
-Click here for [[how_to:​wheeltech:​start#​tires|HD Recommendations per year model]]+
  
   * The most important thing to remember when selecting a tire is to always err on the side of safety which basically means replacing with tires that are of original size, speed rating, load rating, and construction as the original equipment manufacturer’s.   * The most important thing to remember when selecting a tire is to always err on the side of safety which basically means replacing with tires that are of original size, speed rating, load rating, and construction as the original equipment manufacturer’s.
   * Bias and radial tires have significantly different dynamic properties. They deflect differently,​ create different cornering forces, have different damping characteristics,​ as well as other differences. In order for radial tires to be introduced into the two-wheel market, it was necessary to change certain characteristics of the motorcycle. The introduction of the radial tire led to such things as modified frames, wider wheels, new steering geometries and suspensions. Therefore, it is recommended that a motorcycle be used with the type of tire construction that it came with originally. If a change is to be made, then it should only be done if the motorcycle or tire manufacturer has approved the change. Above all, do not mix bias ply and radial tires on the same motorcycle unless it is with the approval of the motorcycle or tire manufacturer. ((http://​www.dunlopmotorcycletires.com/​care/​faq/​))   * Bias and radial tires have significantly different dynamic properties. They deflect differently,​ create different cornering forces, have different damping characteristics,​ as well as other differences. In order for radial tires to be introduced into the two-wheel market, it was necessary to change certain characteristics of the motorcycle. The introduction of the radial tire led to such things as modified frames, wider wheels, new steering geometries and suspensions. Therefore, it is recommended that a motorcycle be used with the type of tire construction that it came with originally. If a change is to be made, then it should only be done if the motorcycle or tire manufacturer has approved the change. Above all, do not mix bias ply and radial tires on the same motorcycle unless it is with the approval of the motorcycle or tire manufacturer. ((http://​www.dunlopmotorcycletires.com/​care/​faq/​))
  
-=== Traction VS Longevity ===+==== Traction VS Longevity ​====
  
 No matter how you look at it, it is a trade-off between the two. Softer stickier tires wear out faster but will yield better traction and harder rubber tires will last longer but you will suffer some traction. No matter how you look at it, it is a trade-off between the two. Softer stickier tires wear out faster but will yield better traction and harder rubber tires will last longer but you will suffer some traction.
 The most important feature it seems to many riders is longevity. How long can I ride this tire before having to change to a new one? Your tire's traction may mean your life and it can not be tossed to the way side for the sake of saving a tire change. This is a subject left to the individual rider based on experience, riding conditions, riding style and total bike weight. The most important feature it seems to many riders is longevity. How long can I ride this tire before having to change to a new one? Your tire's traction may mean your life and it can not be tossed to the way side for the sake of saving a tire change. This is a subject left to the individual rider based on experience, riding conditions, riding style and total bike weight.
 It's all about heat. Thin walled tires on a heavy 1200cc with a tour pack and 2-up will heat up and wear out faster than the same thin walled tires on a stripped down 883cc. Just because Brand A works on the stripped down 883cc doesn'​t mean they will work on your buddies stripped down 883 since he may ride at higher speeds or more rough terrain than you. It's all about heat. Thin walled tires on a heavy 1200cc with a tour pack and 2-up will heat up and wear out faster than the same thin walled tires on a stripped down 883cc. Just because Brand A works on the stripped down 883cc doesn'​t mean they will work on your buddies stripped down 883 since he may ride at higher speeds or more rough terrain than you.
- 
- 
    
-=== Traction ===+==== Traction ​====
  
   * Tread is the part of the tire that comes in contact with the road and it is also the part of a tire that gets the work done. ((http://​www.cycleworld.com/​2013/​10/​23/​how-to-pick-the-best-tires-for-your-bike/​))   * Tread is the part of the tire that comes in contact with the road and it is also the part of a tire that gets the work done. ((http://​www.cycleworld.com/​2013/​10/​23/​how-to-pick-the-best-tires-for-your-bike/​))
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   * Traction can be thought of as the mechanical adhesion between tires and road surface. Predictable traction is essential in all riding situations, especially cornering. To enable this connection to transmit as much force as possible, it is necessary for the tire’s rubber surface to interlock at the microscopic level with the protrusions and pores of the road. That means there must be sufficient tread thickness, and it must be flexible (like a sponge). There are several ways in which the adhesion between rubber and road can be compromised:​ The tire surface has lost its elasticity, because of cold temperatures,​ aging, or other factors The asphalt or concrete has been “polished” down and made smooth by automobile and truck tires The interface between tire and road is “lubricated” or obstructed by any number of substances: rainwater, engine oil, leaves, gravel, sand, dirt, etc.   * Traction can be thought of as the mechanical adhesion between tires and road surface. Predictable traction is essential in all riding situations, especially cornering. To enable this connection to transmit as much force as possible, it is necessary for the tire’s rubber surface to interlock at the microscopic level with the protrusions and pores of the road. That means there must be sufficient tread thickness, and it must be flexible (like a sponge). There are several ways in which the adhesion between rubber and road can be compromised:​ The tire surface has lost its elasticity, because of cold temperatures,​ aging, or other factors The asphalt or concrete has been “polished” down and made smooth by automobile and truck tires The interface between tire and road is “lubricated” or obstructed by any number of substances: rainwater, engine oil, leaves, gravel, sand, dirt, etc.
  
- +==== Motorcycle Tire Styles ​====
-=== Motorcycle Tire Styles ===+
 ((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf)) ((http://​www.msf-usa.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))
   * **Cruiser/​Touring**:​ Heavyweight cruisers, touring bikes and baggers require a tire with a load rating that can handle the weight of the bike, riders and luggage. Mileage is also a huge factor for these bikes as they tend to be ridden many miles per year. To achieve this, cruiser motorcycle tires are often made with harder rubber compounds that take longer to wear down. Cruiser tires are mainly designed for just that, cruising at highway speeds. They are not designed to be ran at high speeds or aggressively through corners. They are designed to give a smooth, consistent ride in a mostly straight line. The tread patterns are made to provide the best possible grip in a wide variety of conditions on paved roads. Rain sipes are a common feature on cruiser tires to help channel water from the tires in wet conditions.   * **Cruiser/​Touring**:​ Heavyweight cruisers, touring bikes and baggers require a tire with a load rating that can handle the weight of the bike, riders and luggage. Mileage is also a huge factor for these bikes as they tend to be ridden many miles per year. To achieve this, cruiser motorcycle tires are often made with harder rubber compounds that take longer to wear down. Cruiser tires are mainly designed for just that, cruising at highway speeds. They are not designed to be ran at high speeds or aggressively through corners. They are designed to give a smooth, consistent ride in a mostly straight line. The tread patterns are made to provide the best possible grip in a wide variety of conditions on paved roads. Rain sipes are a common feature on cruiser tires to help channel water from the tires in wet conditions.
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   * **Off Road**: Off road tires usually tend to not be DOT approved and cannot be used on public roadways. ​   * **Off Road**: Off road tires usually tend to not be DOT approved and cannot be used on public roadways. ​
  
 +==== Tread Design ====
 +
 +  * **Basic** https://​www.contimotousablog.com/​tire-tread-pattern-why-i
 +    * https://​www.contimotousablog.com/​tire-tread-pattern-why-ii
 +  * **Details** http://​www.conti-bike.co.uk/​tyre-tech-talk
  
-=== Mounting a car tire on the back of your motorcycle ===+==== Mounting a car tire on the back of your motorcycle ​====
  
   * Really Bad Idea. You will find people all over that swear by it and say they'​ve done it all their life. Some police depts. used to do it and you'll find a hundred different good reason opinions for it.   * Really Bad Idea. You will find people all over that swear by it and say they'​ve done it all their life. Some police depts. used to do it and you'll find a hundred different good reason opinions for it.
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   * Most reputable tire shops nowadays won't even consider mounting a car tire on a motorcycle rim due to responsibilities after the fact.    * Most reputable tire shops nowadays won't even consider mounting a car tire on a motorcycle rim due to responsibilities after the fact. 
  
- +==== Changing to a Wider Tire ====
-=== Changing to a Wider Tire ===+
  
 A lot of things need to be taken into account when changing a tire size. A lot of things need to be taken into account when changing a tire size.
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   *  If wider tires are approved for a motorcycle, it is usually permissible to increase by only one size designation. When fitting a larger tire, always allow for some tire growth from the new to used situation. All tires increase in size after they have been inflated and are run for a few hundred miles. In some cases, putting a wider tire onto the same wheel will actually give you less “rubber on the road”, by changing the profile and reducing the contact patch. ((http://​www.dunlopmotorcycletires.com/​care/​faq/​))   *  If wider tires are approved for a motorcycle, it is usually permissible to increase by only one size designation. When fitting a larger tire, always allow for some tire growth from the new to used situation. All tires increase in size after they have been inflated and are run for a few hundred miles. In some cases, putting a wider tire onto the same wheel will actually give you less “rubber on the road”, by changing the profile and reducing the contact patch. ((http://​www.dunlopmotorcycletires.com/​care/​faq/​))
  
- +==== Tire Construction:​ Radial VS Bias-ply Tires ====
-=== Tire Construction:​ Radial VS Bias-ply Tires ===+
  
 For the most part, radial tires offer lower temps (leading to longer life), stiffer construction,​ and the ability to have sidewalls with a lower aspect ratio, resulting in less flex. Bias-ply tires offer a softer, more compliant ride and, typically, a little lower price. Their other main advantage is load- carrying capability. In a given size, you’ll typically see a bias tire handle more weight. It explains why Harley and certain touring bikes use them.  For the most part, radial tires offer lower temps (leading to longer life), stiffer construction,​ and the ability to have sidewalls with a lower aspect ratio, resulting in less flex. Bias-ply tires offer a softer, more compliant ride and, typically, a little lower price. Their other main advantage is load- carrying capability. In a given size, you’ll typically see a bias tire handle more weight. It explains why Harley and certain touring bikes use them. 
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   * Number of Compounds: The ability to produce a motorcycle tire with multiple rubber compounds has radically changed the performance that they are capable of. With only one rubber compound, the tire must sacrifice either mileage or grip. With a dual compound tire, a rider can get more mileage from their tire without sacrificing grip in the corners. A high wear compound is used in the center of the tire for increased straight line mileage, while a softer compound is used on the shoulders of the tires for more grip in the corners.   * Number of Compounds: The ability to produce a motorcycle tire with multiple rubber compounds has radically changed the performance that they are capable of. With only one rubber compound, the tire must sacrifice either mileage or grip. With a dual compound tire, a rider can get more mileage from their tire without sacrificing grip in the corners. A high wear compound is used in the center of the tire for increased straight line mileage, while a softer compound is used on the shoulders of the tires for more grip in the corners.
  
- +===== Break-in Period ​=====
- +
- +
-==== Break-in Period ====+
    
   * In order for your new tire(s) to provide optimum performance,​ tires should be ridden very cautiously for the first 100 miles in order for the tread surface to be “scuffed-in” and work properly. Directly after new tires are mounted, sudden acceleration,​ maximum braking, and hard cornering must be avoided. New tires typically have a slippery surface. Take it easy on your first 100 miles as the tire’s surface “scuffs in” and provides maximum grip. This break-in period also gives you time to adjust to the difference in how the new tires feel compared to the old, worn tires – like getting use to a new pair of shoes. ((http://​www.mic.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))   * In order for your new tire(s) to provide optimum performance,​ tires should be ridden very cautiously for the first 100 miles in order for the tread surface to be “scuffed-in” and work properly. Directly after new tires are mounted, sudden acceleration,​ maximum braking, and hard cornering must be avoided. New tires typically have a slippery surface. Take it easy on your first 100 miles as the tire’s surface “scuffs in” and provides maximum grip. This break-in period also gives you time to adjust to the difference in how the new tires feel compared to the old, worn tires – like getting use to a new pair of shoes. ((http://​www.mic.org/​downloads/​MIC_Tire_Guide_2012V1.pdf))
  
- +===== Cleaning Tires =====
- +
-==== Cleaning Tires ====+
   * To clean your sidewalls, use a mild soap solution and rinse off with plain water. Do not use chemical cleaners or protectants,​ as they may degrade the rubber and cause cracks in the sidewalls.   * To clean your sidewalls, use a mild soap solution and rinse off with plain water. Do not use chemical cleaners or protectants,​ as they may degrade the rubber and cause cracks in the sidewalls.
   * If you intend to use XXX to shine your tires, do not allow it to get on or below the ‘chicken strips’ or the bulged-out area of the tire near the tread. This will cause the tires to slip and you will fall.   * If you intend to use XXX to shine your tires, do not allow it to get on or below the ‘chicken strips’ or the bulged-out area of the tire near the tread. This will cause the tires to slip and you will fall.
   * Oil, grease, and gasoline can deteriorate rubber when exposed to a tire for any length of time. Use a clean, damp cloth to remove these chemicals from the tire.   * Oil, grease, and gasoline can deteriorate rubber when exposed to a tire for any length of time. Use a clean, damp cloth to remove these chemicals from the tire.
  
-==== Safe Loading ====+===== Safe Loading ​=====
  
   * Riding your motorcycle in an overloaded condition is dangerous. Overloading causes excessive heat to build up in your tires. This can lead to sudden tire failure while the tire is overloaded or at some later date.   * Riding your motorcycle in an overloaded condition is dangerous. Overloading causes excessive heat to build up in your tires. This can lead to sudden tire failure while the tire is overloaded or at some later date.
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   * Never exceed the accessory restrictions and motorcycle load capacity found in the owner'​s manual, or the maximum load molded on the sidewall of the tire.   * Never exceed the accessory restrictions and motorcycle load capacity found in the owner'​s manual, or the maximum load molded on the sidewall of the tire.
  
 +====== HD Sportster Tire Fitment Charts ======
 +Tire Fitment Charts below are reprinted from the Harley Davidson Portal site. ((https://​serviceinfo.harley-davidson.com/​sip/​content/​document/​view?​id=1609993270925466928)) \\
  
 +^  Front  ^||||||
 +|  **DUNLOP HARLEY-DAVIDSON PERFORMANCE TIRES** ​ |||||||
 +|Year Model|Stock / \\ Optional|Tread|Tire Size|Rim Size \\ in Inches|Sidewall \\ Style|Part Number|
 +|**1998-2003 XL1200S**|Stock|GT502F|100/​90-19|2.15x19|B/​W|40554-04A|
 +|**2004-later XL** \\ except XL Custom, XL1200X, XL1200CX, XL1200V, \\ XR1200, XR1200X, XL1200T, XL1200XS, or 11-later XL1383L. \\ Requires installation of matching GT502 Rear Tire (40555-04A)|Optional|GT502F|100/​90-19|2.15x19|B/​W|40554-04A|
 +|**2016-later XL12000CX**|Stock|GT502F|120/​70R19|3.00x19|B/​W|43100026|
 +|**1999-2009 XL883C**|Optional|GT502F|80/​90-21|2.15 x 21|BW|43117-09|
 +|**1996-2010 XL1200C**|Optional|GT502F|80/​90-21|2.15 x 21|BW|43117-09|
 +|  **DUNLOP HARLEY-DAVIDSON TIRE SERIES** ​ |||||||
 +|**2010-later XL1200X**|Stock \\ 2010|D402F|MT90B16|3.00 x 16|BW|43022-91A|
 +|**2008-2013 XR1200/​XR1200X**|Stock \\ 2008-2011|D209F RP|120/​70ZR18|3.50 x 18|BW|43229-08|
 +|**2004-later XL** \\ except XL Custom, XL1200X, XL1200CX,​XL1200V \\ XR1200/X, XL1200T, XL1200XS, XL1200NS or \\ 2011-later XL883L|(BW) Stock \\ 2004-2010|D401F|100/​90-19|2.15 x 19|WWW \\ BW|55193-10 \\ 43100033|
 +|**1991-2009 XL883, XL883R, XL883 Hugger** \\ (except XL Custom)|Stock|D401F|100/​90-19|2.15 x 19|BW|43100033|
 +|**1988-2003 XL1200** \\ except XL Custom, XL Sport|Stock|D401F|100/​90-19|2.15 x 19|BW|43100033|
 +|**1983-1984 XR1000**|Stock|D401F|100/​90-19|2.15 x 19|BW|43100033|
 +|**1996-2010 XL883C, XL1200C**|Stock|D402F|MH90-21|2.15 x 21|BW|43104-93A|
 +|**2012-2016 XL1200V**|Stock|D402F|MH90-21|2.15 x 21|MWW|43100004|
 +|  **MICHELIN HARLEY-DAVIDSON TIRE SERIES** ​ |||||||
 +|**2011-later XL1200C**|Stock \\ 2011-later|SCORCHER 31|130/​90B16|3.00 x 16|BW|55035-11A|
 +|**2018-later XL1200XS**|Stock \\ 2011-later|SCORCHER 31|130/​90B16|3.00 x 16|BW|55035-11A|
 +|**2010-later XL1200X**|Stock \\ 2011-later|SCORCHER 31|130/​90B16|3.00 x 16|BW|55035-11A|
 +|**2011-later XL883L**|Stock|SCORCHER 11F|120/​70ZR18|3.50 x 18|BW|40879-11A|
 +|**2008-2013 XR1200/​XR1200X**|Stock \\ 2012-2013|SCORCHER 11F|120/​70ZR18|3.50 x 18|BW|40879-11A|
 +|**2014-later XL1200T**|Stock|SCORCHER 11T|120/​70ZR18|3.50 x 18|BW|43100021A|
 +|**2004-later XL** \\ except XL Custom, XL1200XS, XL1200X, XL1200CX \\ XL1200V, XR1200/X, XL1200T or 2011-later XL883L|Stock \\ 2011-later|SCORCHER 31|100/​90B19|2.15 x 19|BW|43258-07B|
 +|**2012-2016 XL1200V**|Optional|SCORCHER 31|80/​90-21|2.15 x 21|BW|41036-12|
 +|**2004-2010 XL883C**|Optional|SCORCHER 31|80/​90-21|2.15 x 21|BW|41036-12|
 +|**2004-2010 XL 1200C**|Optional|SCORCHER 31|80/​90-21|2.15 x 21|BW|41036-12|
 +^  Rear  ^||||||
 +|  **DUNLOP HARLEY-DAVIDSON PERFORMANCE TIRES** ​ |||||||
 +|**2004-later XL** \\ except XL1200XS, XL1200NS XL1200X, XL1200CX \\ XL1200V, XR1200/​XR1200X,​ XL1200T \\ 2011-later XL883L or 2011-later XL1200C \\ Installation on models with 19" front wheel requires \\ installation of matching GT502F Front Tire P/N (40554-04A)|Optional|GT502|150/​80B16|3.00 x 16|BW|40555-04A|
 +|**1996-2003 XL1200S**|Stock|GT502|130/​90B16|3.00 x 16|BW|40556-06A|
 +|**2016-later XL1200CX**|Stock|GT502|150/​70R18|4.25 x 18|BW|43200030|
 +|  **DUNLOP HARLEY-DAVIDSON TIRE SERIES** ​ |||||||
 +|**2004-later XL** \\ except XL1200XS, XL1200NS, XL1200CX, XR1200/X \\ XL1200V, XL1200T \\ 2011-later XL883L or 2011-later XL1200C|Stock \\ 2004-2010|D401|150/​80B16|3.00 x 16|BW|43200035|
 +|**2004-later XL** \\ except XL1200XS, XL1200NS, XL1200CX, XL1200X \\ XL1200V, XR1200/​XR1200X,​ XL1200T \\ 2011-later XL883L or 2011-later XL1200C|Optional|D401|150/​80B16|3.00 x 16|WWW|55192-10|
 +|**2012-2016 XL1200V**|Stock|D401|150/​80B16|3.00 x 16|MWW|43200007|
 +|**1981-2003 XL** \\ except XL1200S|Stock|D401|130/​90B16|3.00 x 16|BW|40565-91B|
 +|**2008-2013 XR1200/​XR1200X**|Stock \\ 2008-2011|D209HD|180/​55ZR17|5.50 x 17|BW|43231-08|
 +|  **MICHELIN HARLEY-DAVIDSON TIRE SERIES** ​ |||||||
 +|2004-later XL \\ except XL1200CX, XR1200/X, XL1200T or 2011-later XL883L|Stock 2011-later \\ except XL1200V|SCORCHER 31|150/​80B16|3.00 x 16|BW|40878-11|
 +|2011-later XL883L|Stock|SCORCHER 11|150/​60ZR17|4.50 x 17|BW|43216-11|
 +|2014-later XL1200T|Stock|SCORCHER 11T|150/​70ZR17|4.50 x 17|BW|43200026A|
 +|2008-2013 XR1200/​XR1200X|Stock \\ 2012-2013|SCORCHER 11|180/​55ZR17|5.50 x 17|BW|43200011|
  
  
 +\\
  
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