Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
| techtalk:ref:oil01 [2023/03/25 21:16] – [Engine Oil Change, Oil Specs, Aftermarkets and Comparisons] hippysmack | techtalk:ref:oil01 [2025/06/06 21:57] (current) – [Engine Oil Comparison Charts] hippysmack | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
| ====== REF: Oiling & Lubrication ====== | ====== REF: Oiling & Lubrication ====== | ||
| ====== Engine Oil Change, Oil Specs, Aftermarkets and Comparisons ====== | ====== Engine Oil Change, Oil Specs, Aftermarkets and Comparisons ====== | ||
| + | |||
| === Further Oil Study === | === Further Oil Study === | ||
| - | **For a more in depth study on oil** manufacturing, | ||
| - | \\ | ||
| - | |||
| + | **For a more in depth study on oil** manufacturing, | ||
| + | \\ | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| ====== Checking Oil Level ====== | ====== Checking Oil Level ====== | ||
| + | Always check the oil after the engine is up to operating temperature before topping off the oil tank. \\ | ||
| - | A forum member once reported that he went and flogged his buddies 06 bike. ((NRHS Sales of the XLFORUM | + | Flogging the bike with an immediate shut down could leave too much oil in the sump. \\ |
| + | A forum member once reported that he went and flogged his buddies 06 bike. ((NRHS Sales of the XLFORUM | ||
| When he parked it, he immediately checked the oil level and it was about a quart down. \\ | When he parked it, he immediately checked the oil level and it was about a quart down. \\ | ||
| After a while he restarted it and ran it for just a bit before checking the oil again. \\ | After a while he restarted it and ran it for just a bit before checking the oil again. \\ | ||
| Line 17: | Line 20: | ||
| So if your bike is in a current state of being wet sumped, it would definitely cause a false dipstick reading. \\ | So if your bike is in a current state of being wet sumped, it would definitely cause a false dipstick reading. \\ | ||
| See more on [[techtalk: | See more on [[techtalk: | ||
| + | |||
| + | When checking the oil level before you fire up, don't be some are tempted to add oil then. \\ | ||
| + | But the oil in the tank can leak into the engine during shut down times. \\ | ||
| + | Adding oil on a cold motor may end up with having too much oil in the tank during the next ride. \\ | ||
| + | See more on [[techtalk: | ||
| ===== Overfilling the Oil Tank ===== | ===== Overfilling the Oil Tank ===== | ||
| This is a common mistake. \\ | This is a common mistake. \\ | ||
| Line 50: | Line 58: | ||
| But this usually boils out on a long ride. \\ | But this usually boils out on a long ride. \\ | ||
| Short rides are killers on blow-by and water accumulations. \\ | Short rides are killers on blow-by and water accumulations. \\ | ||
| - | Regular oil changes should suffice. ((bustert of the XLFORUM | + | Regular oil changes should suffice. ((bustert of the XLFORUM |
| **There is no way for gas to get into the engine other than thru the carb and past the float**. \\ | **There is no way for gas to get into the engine other than thru the carb and past the float**. \\ | ||
| Line 72: | Line 80: | ||
| Carb vacuum actuates the diaphragm and allows gas to gravity flow thru the petcock. \\ | Carb vacuum actuates the diaphragm and allows gas to gravity flow thru the petcock. \\ | ||
| - | Don't rely on the vacuum petcock alone, turn the gas off when the bike is not being ridden. ((dabronco of the XLFORUM | + | Don't rely on the vacuum petcock alone, turn the gas off when the bike is not being ridden. ((dabronco of the XLFORUM |
| It's better for them to be turned regularly anyway, as the rubber parts will bond together if they don't get lubed with gas and exercised once in a while. \\ | It's better for them to be turned regularly anyway, as the rubber parts will bond together if they don't get lubed with gas and exercised once in a while. \\ | ||
| **Inspect the carburetor**. \\ | **Inspect the carburetor**. \\ | ||
| - | If the over flow hose is pinched off, gas will flow out the main jet if the float is set wrong or the needle valve is bad. ((nikki of the XLFORUM | + | If the over flow hose is pinched off, gas will flow out the main jet if the float is set wrong or the needle valve is bad. ((nikki of the XLFORUM |
| - | You could try pulling off the float bowl and putting in a new float needle and generally clean out the gunk. ((hopper of the XLFORUM | + | You could try pulling off the float bowl and putting in a new float needle and generally clean out the gunk. ((hopper of the XLFORUM |
| - | A small piece of trash can get between the needle and seat (where the float attaches). ((Dakin Engineering of the XLFORUM | + | A small piece of trash can get between the needle and seat (where the float attaches). ((Dakin Engineering of the XLFORUM |
| This will let a trickle down the intake and into the cylinder. \\ | This will let a trickle down the intake and into the cylinder. \\ | ||
| An overly rich condition can also lead to gas contamination in the oil. \\ | An overly rich condition can also lead to gas contamination in the oil. \\ | ||
| Check your air / fuel mixture. \\ | Check your air / fuel mixture. \\ | ||
| - | An air screw (like on HSR42s) will be on the air cleaner side of the venturi (slide). ((chrishajer of the XLFORUM | + | An air screw (like on HSR42s) will be on the air cleaner side of the venturi (slide). ((chrishajer of the XLFORUM |
| A fuel screw (like on CV) will be on the engine side of the venturi. \\ | A fuel screw (like on CV) will be on the engine side of the venturi. \\ | ||
| Air screws cut off air, so they make the mixture richer when you turn them in (restrict an air passage). \\ | Air screws cut off air, so they make the mixture richer when you turn them in (restrict an air passage). \\ | ||
| Fuel screws cut off fuel when you turn them in because they shut off a fuel passage. \\ | Fuel screws cut off fuel when you turn them in because they shut off a fuel passage. \\ | ||
| - | |||
| **Drain the diluted oil, remove / flush the oil tank and replace with fresh oil**. \\ | **Drain the diluted oil, remove / flush the oil tank and replace with fresh oil**. \\ | ||
| Line 113: | Line 120: | ||
| The gas can swell the seals and cause leaks. \\ | The gas can swell the seals and cause leaks. \\ | ||
| - | **Always turn the petcock ' | + | **Always turn the petcock ' |
| If that fails, always turn off the ignition. You don't want accidental sparks while draining the gas out. \\ | If that fails, always turn off the ignition. You don't want accidental sparks while draining the gas out. \\ | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| ====== When To Change Oil ====== | ====== When To Change Oil ====== | ||
| Line 138: | Line 142: | ||
| ====== Should You Drain the Engine or Oil Tank? ====== | ====== Should You Drain the Engine or Oil Tank? ====== | ||
| - | |||
| On a normal oil change, none of us can drain All the oil out. When we drain the oil, we are only draining the oil tank and not the engine. \\ | On a normal oil change, none of us can drain All the oil out. When we drain the oil, we are only draining the oil tank and not the engine. \\ | ||
| Line 155: | Line 158: | ||
| {{: | {{: | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| ====== Changing / Draining Engine Oil ====== | ====== Changing / Draining Engine Oil ====== | ||
| Line 168: | Line 169: | ||
| * Remove the oil tank drain plug and allow the tank to drain completely. | * Remove the oil tank drain plug and allow the tank to drain completely. | ||
| * The drain hose from the oil tank is capped off below the tank. | * The drain hose from the oil tank is capped off below the tank. | ||
| - | * Loosen the hose clamp, drain the oil, put the hose back onto the frame plug and tighten the clamp. ((IXL2Relax of the XLFORUM | + | * Loosen the hose clamp, drain the oil, put the hose back onto the frame plug and tighten the clamp. ((IXL2Relax of the XLFORUM |
| * You can use a Visegrip or hemostat to close the hose above the stud, slip it off the stud. | * You can use a Visegrip or hemostat to close the hose above the stud, slip it off the stud. | ||
| * Then open the line and let the oil drain into a catch pan / can. \\ (See above link for oil hose drain locations per year model) | * Then open the line and let the oil drain into a catch pan / can. \\ (See above link for oil hose drain locations per year model) | ||
| |{{: | |{{: | ||
| - | |Collect the oil, haul it to your nearest auto parts \\ store for recycling. ((photo by sep69 of the XLFORUM | + | |Collect the oil, haul it to your nearest auto parts \\ store for recycling. ((photo by sep69 of the XLFORUM |
| **Clean the lifter screen (86-91 only)**: \\ | **Clean the lifter screen (86-91 only)**: \\ | ||
| Line 187: | Line 188: | ||
| * Allow time for oil to soak into the filter element. | * Allow time for oil to soak into the filter element. | ||
| - | | Add 4oz of oil to the filter before installing it. ((photos by Erik of the XLFORUM | + | | Add 4oz of oil to the filter before installing it. ((photos by Erik of the XLFORUM |
| |{{: | |{{: | ||
| - | | Lube the outer gasket, place a rag under the filter mount and install the filter. ((photos by Erik of the XLFORUM | + | | Lube the outer gasket, place a rag under the filter mount and install the filter. ((photos by Erik of the XLFORUM |
| |{{: | |{{: | ||
| Line 199: | Line 200: | ||
| * Pour the remaining oil into the oil tank. | * Pour the remaining oil into the oil tank. | ||
| * Fire up the engine, let the oil circulate and check for leaks around the drain plug and new oil fiter. | * Fire up the engine, let the oil circulate and check for leaks around the drain plug and new oil fiter. | ||
| - | * Then, shut it off and add oil to the correct level if needed. \\ (most fill to halfway between the add and full line of the dipstick, not to completely FULL) \\ If you fill it completely full you may get oil coming out of the breathers into the air filter especially if you run for long periods at high rpms. ((shanneba of the XLFORUM | + | * Then, shut it off and add oil to the correct level if needed. \\ (most fill to halfway between the add and full line of the dipstick, not to completely FULL) \\ If you fill it completely full you may get oil coming out of the breathers into the air filter especially if you run for long periods at high rpms. ((shanneba of the XLFORUM |
| ====== Sportster Drain Plugs Explained ====== | ====== Sportster Drain Plugs Explained ====== | ||
| Line 208: | Line 208: | ||
| This is due to the location of the 76 and prior drain plug. \\ | This is due to the location of the 76 and prior drain plug. \\ | ||
| See below for more information. \\ | See below for more information. \\ | ||
| - | |||
| ===== 57-76 Cases ===== | ===== 57-76 Cases ===== | ||
| - | + | | |
| - | | + | |
| * It is only used when draining the primary / tranny oil. | * It is only used when draining the primary / tranny oil. | ||
| - | * **The one above it in the photo is for the transmission**. ((Shadowdog500 of the XLFORUM | + | * **The one above it in the photo is for the transmission**. ((Shadowdog500 of the XLFORUM |
| * Since the transmission shares the same fluid with the primary, and the primary plug is lower than the tranny drain plug, there is no reason to remove this one. | * Since the transmission shares the same fluid with the primary, and the primary plug is lower than the tranny drain plug, there is no reason to remove this one. | ||
| - | * **The plug to the right center of the photo is the (crankcase drain plug)**. This is the one everyone has problems with. ((Shadowdog500 of the XLFORUM | + | * **The plug to the right center of the photo is the (crankcase drain plug)**. This is the one everyone has problems with. ((Shadowdog500 of the XLFORUM |
| - | * (It has been said that ) this plug was never meant to be an actual case drain (in street engines). It's purpose has been somewhat of a debate. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM | + | * (It has been said that ) this plug was never meant to be an actual case drain (in street engines). It's purpose has been somewhat of a debate. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM |
| |{{techtalk: | |{{techtalk: | ||
| - | | Drain plugs in a '75 case ((photo by Shadowdog500 of the XLFORUM | + | | Drain plugs in a '75 case ((photo by Shadowdog500 of the XLFORUM |
| - | * **Primary Drain Plug**: 1/ | + | * **Primary Drain Plug**: 1/ |
| **So, if the only plug out of the three you'll ever need to remove (theoretically) is the primary drain plug, what is the purpose for the other two plugs**? | **So, if the only plug out of the three you'll ever need to remove (theoretically) is the primary drain plug, what is the purpose for the other two plugs**? | ||
| * ** Transmission Drain Plug**: 1/ | * ** Transmission Drain Plug**: 1/ | ||
| - | * **Crankcase Drain Plug**: 1/ | + | * **Crankcase Drain Plug**: 1/ |
| - | * The drain on the pre1977 [non-mini sump] engine is under the flywheels, and was intended as a case drain. ((Racepres of the XLFORUM | + | * The drain on the pre1977 [non-mini sump] engine is under the flywheels, and was intended as a case drain. ((Racepres of the XLFORUM |
| - | * We used either the pre'77 or we put one into '77-+ cases so that when racing, we could pull the plug in the pits to see how much oil was in the bottom end...helping to determine how much more restriction or bypass of feed oil we needed to eliminate, because the oil pump could not get rid of it. ((Racepres of the XLFORUM http:// | + | * According to one theory, the hole was needed for the casting and machining process only and the plug was never meant to be removed after it was installed at the factory. The MoCo couldn' |
| - | * If you are not requiring that knowledge, or don't intend to do anything about it anyway. | + | * Another theory is that people think the plug under the crankcase is a drain plug like you find on a car's oil pan and they remove it to drain excess oil collected in the case. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM |
| - | * According to one theory, the hole was needed for the casting and machining process only and the plug was never meant to be removed after it was installed at the factory. The MoCo couldn' | + | * However, dry sump engines, like Harleys, drain from the oil tank, not the crank case. ((Tracker of the XLFORUM |
| - | * Another theory is that people think the plug under the crankcase is a drain plug like you find on a car's oil pan and they remove it to drain excess oil collected in the case. ((piniongear of the XLFORUM | + | |
| - | * However, dry sump engines, like Harleys, drain from the oil tank, not the crank case. ((Tracker of the XLFORUM | + | |
| * A car is a wet sump system which most people are familiar with. | * A car is a wet sump system which most people are familiar with. | ||
| * Once removed, the plug will not tighten up again because the crumbly threads have stripped out. | * Once removed, the plug will not tighten up again because the crumbly threads have stripped out. | ||
| Line 241: | Line 237: | ||
| * Most people just use JB Weld to do their fix (?) and let it go at that. | * Most people just use JB Weld to do their fix (?) and let it go at that. | ||
| - | * The depression in the pic below is from the boss on the plug smashing the case on over tightening. \\ Then, one time when the plug got removed, that piece of stressed aluminum broke free. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM | + | * The depression in the pic below is from the boss on the plug smashing the case on over tightening. \\ Then, one time when the plug got removed, that piece of stressed aluminum broke free. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM |
| * The same thing can happen to the threads. They can break free upon removal of the plug for the same reasoning above. | * The same thing can happen to the threads. They can break free upon removal of the plug for the same reasoning above. | ||
| |{{techtalk: | |{{techtalk: | ||
| - | | Crankcase Drain Plug on a 1967 XLCH ((photo by ss396 og the XLFORUM | + | | Crankcase Drain Plug on a 1967 XLCH ((photo by ss396 og the XLFORUM |
| - | * Note that there will be no seal effect here because there is no surface for the plug boss to contact. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM | + | * Note that there will be no seal effect here because there is no surface for the plug boss to contact. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM |
| * Oil will travel past the thread gaps and with no sealing surface, it will leak. | * Oil will travel past the thread gaps and with no sealing surface, it will leak. | ||
| * That means a gasket may not effect a seal as there is not much for the gasket to squeeze against. | * That means a gasket may not effect a seal as there is not much for the gasket to squeeze against. | ||
| Line 254: | Line 250: | ||
| ==== Oil leaking around crankcase oil drain plug ==== | ==== Oil leaking around crankcase oil drain plug ==== | ||
| - | * 1st thing to do is to make sure its the plug. It can be the case seam near the plug. If it is the latter, don't mess with the plug. Look for a weeping case seam and cracks between the plug threads and the case seam. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM | + | * 1st thing to do is to make sure its the plug. It can be the case seam near the plug. If it is the latter, don't mess with the plug. Look for a weeping case seam and cracks between the plug threads and the case seam. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM |
| |{{techtalk: | |{{techtalk: | ||
| - | |Leak around oil drain plug. ((photo by ss396 of the XLFORUM | + | |Leak around oil drain plug. ((photo by ss396 of the XLFORUM |
| - | < | + | < |
| - | UNDERSTAND THE PLUG DESTROYS THREAD INTEGRITY IN CASE ON REMOVAL. The thread may look ok but if they arent--- you will know on re-torque. If you have a brass flanged washer on your plug, be very suspect of messing with it. These washers were used on XLH oil tank drains. That means someone has installed one on your drain plug. That can't happen unless the plug has been removed. Remember its ham fisted plug r&r that causes striped plugs. Think hard about that when looking at your brass washer.(( Dr Dick of the XLFORUM | + | UNDERSTAND THE PLUG DESTROYS THREAD INTEGRITY IN CASE ON REMOVAL. The thread may look ok but if they arent--- you will know on re-torque. If you have a brass flanged washer on your plug, be very suspect of messing with it. These washers were used on XLH oil tank drains. That means someone has installed one on your drain plug. That can't happen unless the plug has been removed. Remember its ham fisted plug r&r that causes striped plugs. Think hard about that when looking at your brass washer.(( Dr Dick of the XLFORUM |
| </ | </ | ||
| Line 267: | Line 263: | ||
| |{{techtalk: | |{{techtalk: | ||
| - | | Cracked case at the crankcase drain plug on a 1968 XLCH ((photo by nakina of the XLFORUM | + | | Cracked case at the crankcase drain plug on a 1968 XLCH ((photo by nakina of the XLFORUM |
| ===== L69-E71 Cases ===== | ===== L69-E71 Cases ===== | ||
| + | Late 1969, all 1970 and some early 71 cases came with no motor drains from the factory. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM https:// | ||
| - | Late 1969, all 1970 and some early 71 cases came with no motor drains from the factory. ((Dr Dick of the XLFORUM http:// | + | |1969 XLCH with no sump drains. ((photo by ironheadjunkie of the XLFORUM |
| - | + | ||
| - | |1969 XLCH with no sump drains. ((photo by ironheadjunkie of the XLFORUM | + | |
| |{{techtalk: | |{{techtalk: | ||
| ===== 77 and Later Cases ===== | ===== 77 and Later Cases ===== | ||
| - | + | The "drain plug" on the bottom of the case is either a pressed or threaded plug that caps the oil scavenging rifling hole. ((bobbystat of the XLFORUM | |
| - | The "drain plug" on the bottom of the case is either a pressed or threaded plug that caps the oil scavenging rifling hole. ((bobbystat of the XLFORUM | + | |
| The MoCo drilled from the bottom of the case to the horizontal oil passage in the gearcase. \\ | The MoCo drilled from the bottom of the case to the horizontal oil passage in the gearcase. \\ | ||
| This connects the crankcase sump oil to the scavenge port of the oil pump and the hole is plugged on the bottom. \\ | This connects the crankcase sump oil to the scavenge port of the oil pump and the hole is plugged on the bottom. \\ | ||
| Line 288: | Line 282: | ||
| Oil from cylinder drains, crankpin, pushrods and cam chest that collects in the sump is fed to the pump by crankcase pressure and pump suction through this hole. \\ | Oil from cylinder drains, crankpin, pushrods and cam chest that collects in the sump is fed to the pump by crankcase pressure and pump suction through this hole. \\ | ||
| - | | Case & Tranny Drain Plugs on a 1978 engine ((photo by IronMick of the XLFORUM | + | | Case & Tranny Drain Plugs on a 1978 engine ((photo by IronMick of the XLFORUM |
| |{{: | |{{: | ||
| Line 297: | Line 291: | ||
| You can drop a magnet wrapped in coat hanger wire into the oil tank and check for suspended particles. \\ | You can drop a magnet wrapped in coat hanger wire into the oil tank and check for suspended particles. \\ | ||
| - | | Metal content after first 1000 miles. ((photo by DirtyCory of the XLFORUM | + | | Metal content after first 1000 miles. ((photo by DirtyCory of the XLFORUM |
| |{{: | |{{: | ||
| - | The usual rule of thumb when viewing the magnet is look at the quality of the particles, not the quantity. ((Hopper of the XLFORUM | + | The usual rule of thumb when viewing the magnet is look at the quality of the particles, not the quantity. ((Hopper of the XLFORUM |
| You can take a pinch of the particles off the magnet and rub them between your finger and thumb. \\ | You can take a pinch of the particles off the magnet and rub them between your finger and thumb. \\ | ||
| If it feels soft and smooth like mud, all is ok. \\ | If it feels soft and smooth like mud, all is ok. \\ | ||
| - | It's like small clumps of very fine material. They array themselves like little tepees on the magnet. ((simeli of the XLFORUM | + | It's like small clumps of very fine material. They array themselves like little tepees on the magnet. ((simeli of the XLFORUM |
| In cleaning them completely off with a paper towel, it looks like a mixture of oil and graphite on the towel. \\ | In cleaning them completely off with a paper towel, it looks like a mixture of oil and graphite on the towel. \\ | ||
| Line 309: | Line 303: | ||
| ====== Recycling Your Used Oil ====== | ====== Recycling Your Used Oil ====== | ||
| - | |||
| * Did you know used oil can be re-refined into base stock for lubricating oil? \\ If you recycle just two gallons of used oil it can generate enough electricity to run the average household for almost 24 hours. | * Did you know used oil can be re-refined into base stock for lubricating oil? \\ If you recycle just two gallons of used oil it can generate enough electricity to run the average household for almost 24 hours. | ||
| * We are all familiar with recycling newspapers, aluminum cans, glass and plastic bottles. \\ But you may not be aware of the efforts of the petroleum industry and other groups to promote used motor oil recycling. | * We are all familiar with recycling newspapers, aluminum cans, glass and plastic bottles. \\ But you may not be aware of the efforts of the petroleum industry and other groups to promote used motor oil recycling. | ||
| Line 322: | Line 315: | ||
| ==== What Kind or Brand of Oil To Use for a Sportster ==== | ==== What Kind or Brand of Oil To Use for a Sportster ==== | ||
| {{: | {{: | ||
| - | * ((photo by JonesL of the XLFORUM | + | * ((photo by JonesL of the XLFORUM |
| * The MoCo has a vested interest in keeping your engine healthy and knows exactly what oil their engines like. \\ Plus, no one ever damaged an engine by changing its oil too often. \\ If you want to keep your engine healthy, regular oil changes using the recommended weight and quality of oil is the easiest way to do it. | * The MoCo has a vested interest in keeping your engine healthy and knows exactly what oil their engines like. \\ Plus, no one ever damaged an engine by changing its oil too often. \\ If you want to keep your engine healthy, regular oil changes using the recommended weight and quality of oil is the easiest way to do it. | ||
| * **Development of Genuine Harley Davidson Motorcycle Oil**. ((MMI Fact Sheet on the Development | * **Development of Genuine Harley Davidson Motorcycle Oil**. ((MMI Fact Sheet on the Development | ||
| Line 342: | Line 335: | ||
| * Therefore, HD 240 oil was labeled meaning that the tests take an average of 240 hours before the min. test criteria was reached. | * Therefore, HD 240 oil was labeled meaning that the tests take an average of 240 hours before the min. test criteria was reached. | ||
| * The closest any other oil came to the testing criteria was 220 hours. \\ (but that was the best synthetic which, at the time, cost an average of four times that of the Harley oil) | * The closest any other oil came to the testing criteria was 220 hours. \\ (but that was the best synthetic which, at the time, cost an average of four times that of the Harley oil) | ||
| + | |||
| ===== Current HD Engine Oil Recommendations ===== | ===== Current HD Engine Oil Recommendations ===== | ||
| * See also: [[techtalk: | * See also: [[techtalk: | ||
| * Use proper grade of HD (or equivalent) oil for the lowest expected temperature before next oil change. ((1986-1990 HD Sportster FSM)) | * Use proper grade of HD (or equivalent) oil for the lowest expected temperature before next oil change. ((1986-1990 HD Sportster FSM)) | ||
| - | * HD oil rating in 1989 was HD-240. ((1986-1990 HD Sportster FSM pg 1-6)) \\ The number represents the hours that Harley tested the oil before it started to break down. \\ 240 hours of running time really is a long way. \\ When they went to 360 it was because they went to 5000 mile service . ((buckeyejake of the XLFORUM | + | * HD oil rating in 1989 was HD-240. ((1986-1990 HD Sportster FSM pg 1-6)) \\ The number represents the hours that Harley tested the oil before it started to break down. \\ 240 hours of running time really is a long way. \\ When they went to 360 it was because they went to 5000 mile service . ((buckeyejake of the XLFORUM |
| ^Year Model^Amount (with filter replaced)^ | ^Year Model^Amount (with filter replaced)^ | ||
| Line 353: | Line 347: | ||
| |2004-2007|< | |2004-2007|< | ||
| - | * Tech Tip #312 - 6/15/07 - Quote: 2004-2007 Sportster Oil Capacity - Service literature for 2004-2007 XL models incorrectly lists oil capacity as 3.6 quarts (3.4 liters). The correct amount listed should be 2.8 quarts (2.65 liters). Oil capacities listed are approximately the amount required to bring the fluid level near the full mark on the dipstick. Service Note: Be aware that the dipstick has a Full mark to indicate the highest level of oil that should be installed in a hot engine and an Add mark to indicate the lowest level of oil in a cold engine. The engine is designed to operate correctly with the oil level in the range between these two marks. While it is most important to not overfill the system, it is acceptable to operate the motorcycle with the oil level anywhere in the range between the Full and Add marks. ((Chris Hajer - http:// | + | * Tech Tip #312 - 6/15/07 - Quote: 2004-2007 Sportster Oil Capacity - Service literature for 2004-2007 XL models incorrectly lists oil capacity as 3.6 quarts (3.4 liters). The correct amount listed should be 2.8 quarts (2.65 liters). Oil capacities listed are approximately the amount required to bring the fluid level near the full mark on the dipstick. Service Note: Be aware that the dipstick has a Full mark to indicate the highest level of oil that should be installed in a hot engine and an Add mark to indicate the lowest level of oil in a cold engine. The engine is designed to operate correctly with the oil level in the range between these two marks. While it is most important to not overfill the system, it is acceptable to operate the motorcycle with the oil level anywhere in the range between the Full and Add marks. ((Chris Hajer - https://www.xlforum.net/ |
| ^HD Type Oil^Viscosity^HD Rating^Ambient Temp.^Cold Weather Starts Below 50F^ | ^HD Type Oil^Viscosity^HD Rating^Ambient Temp.^Cold Weather Starts Below 50F^ | ||
| - | |Screamin Eagle Syn 3 (fully synthetic)|SAE 20W50|HD360|Above 30F(-1C)|Excellent((shanneba from the XLFORUM- | + | |Screamin Eagle Syn 3 (fully synthetic)|SAE 20W50|HD360|Above 30F(-1C)|Excellent((shanneba from the XLFORUM- |
| - | |HD Multi-grade (petroleum)|SAE 20W50|HD 360|Above 40F (4C)|Good((shanneba from the XLFORUM- | + | |HD Multi-grade (petroleum)|SAE 20W50|HD 360|Above 40F (4C)|Good((shanneba from the XLFORUM- |
| - | |HD Mulitigrade (petroleum)|SAE 10W40|HD 360|Below 40F (4C)|Excellent ((shanneba from the XLFORUM- | + | |HD Mulitigrade (petroleum)|SAE 10W40|HD 360|Below 40F (4C)|Excellent ((shanneba from the XLFORUM- |
| |HD Regular Heavy (petroleum)|SAE 50|HD 360|Above 60F (16C)|Poor((1986-1990 HD Sportster FSM pg 1-6))| | |HD Regular Heavy (petroleum)|SAE 50|HD 360|Above 60F (16C)|Poor((1986-1990 HD Sportster FSM pg 1-6))| | ||
| |HD Extra Heavy (petroleum)|SAE 60|HD 360|Above 80F (27C)|Poor((1986-1990 HD Sportster FSM pg 1-6))| | |HD Extra Heavy (petroleum)|SAE 60|HD 360|Above 80F (27C)|Poor((1986-1990 HD Sportster FSM pg 1-6))| | ||
| - | ^In the absence of HD 360 oils, HD recommends using oil certified for diesel engines((shanneba from the XLFORUM- | + | ^In the absence of HD 360 oils, HD recommends using oil certified for diesel engines((shanneba from the XLFORUM- |
| |Acceptable API Ratings|Acceptable SAE Viscosity Rating in Descending Order| | |Acceptable API Ratings|Acceptable SAE Viscosity Rating in Descending Order| | ||
| |CH-4, CI-4 and CJ-4|20W-50, | |CH-4, CI-4 and CJ-4|20W-50, | ||
| Line 414: | Line 408: | ||
| * See more about [[techtalk: | * See more about [[techtalk: | ||
| + | ==== Engine Oil Comparison Charts ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Engine Oil Comparison Charts ==== | ||
| * These charts were compiled solely from SDS, TDS and other published data from the respective companies. There are many brands on the list and many more that are not. The charts serve as a comparison to oil company claims as well as to what you are using. However, a used oil analysis will confirm more about the oil you use for your engine than these charts can. If your brand is not included here, you can search their respective website for MSDS, SDS, TDS, and PDS information where you can find all the information available from them as is included in these charts. | * These charts were compiled solely from SDS, TDS and other published data from the respective companies. There are many brands on the list and many more that are not. The charts serve as a comparison to oil company claims as well as to what you are using. However, a used oil analysis will confirm more about the oil you use for your engine than these charts can. If your brand is not included here, you can search their respective website for MSDS, SDS, TDS, and PDS information where you can find all the information available from them as is included in these charts. | ||
| - | * MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets), which has been renamed to SDS (Safety Data Sheets) and TDS (Technical Data Sheets) which is also published as PDS (Product Data Sheets). You will find that some manufacturers do not update their charts as well as others. You will also find that some information in the SDS is different than the information in the TDS of the same oil bottle. | + | * MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets), which has been renamed to SDS (Safety Data Sheets) and TDS (Technical Data Sheets) which is also published as PDS (Product Data Sheets). You will find that some manufacturers do not update their charts as well as others. You will also find that some information in the SDS is different than the information in the TDS of the same oil bottle. |
| ---- | ---- | ||
| + | 1-A to B{{: | ||
| - | 1-A to B{{techtalk:ref:oil:sportsterpedia_oil_viscosity_chart_1_a_to_b_.jpg?direct& | + | * Credits: ((Actron http:// |
| + | \\ | ||
| + | === Comparing 50w to 20w50 === | ||
| - | + | The charts below were compiled from the charts above for simple viscosity comparisons | |
| - | * Credits: ((Actron http:// | + | {{:techtalk:ref:oil:oil_viscosity_table_comparison_chart_by_hippysmack.png?direct&400|}} |
| - | http:// | + | |
| - | http:// | + | |
| ====== Getting More Technical About Engine Oil ====== | ====== Getting More Technical About Engine Oil ====== | ||
| ===== Choosing an Oil by SAE Rating ===== | ===== Choosing an Oil by SAE Rating ===== | ||
| Line 441: | Line 432: | ||
| ===== Choosing an Oil by API Rating ===== | ===== Choosing an Oil by API Rating ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * **Choose an oil made for 4 stroke motorcycles** with an API rating [[techtalk: | * **Choose an oil made for 4 stroke motorcycles** with an API rating [[techtalk: | ||
| * **Zinc dialkyl dithiophoshate (or ZDDP)** [[techtalk: | * **Zinc dialkyl dithiophoshate (or ZDDP)** [[techtalk: | ||
| Line 457: | Line 447: | ||
| ===== Conventional VS Synthetic | ===== Conventional VS Synthetic | ||
| - | |||
| * In time, any engine lubricant will have a diminished ability to perform its job, which is to lubricate metal-to-metal contact surfaces and to transfer heat away from the area being lubricated. | * In time, any engine lubricant will have a diminished ability to perform its job, which is to lubricate metal-to-metal contact surfaces and to transfer heat away from the area being lubricated. | ||
| * Heat and oxidation are the primary reasons for oil break down. The diminished ability to lubricate increases as the molecules of various size and weight are consumed by evaporation and oxidation. | * Heat and oxidation are the primary reasons for oil break down. The diminished ability to lubricate increases as the molecules of various size and weight are consumed by evaporation and oxidation. | ||
| Line 474: | Line 463: | ||
| * The fastest and most significant drop in the viscosity of petroleum-based oils used in motorcycles occurs during the first 800 miles (or less) of use.((http:// | * The fastest and most significant drop in the viscosity of petroleum-based oils used in motorcycles occurs during the first 800 miles (or less) of use.((http:// | ||
| * Conventional oils also contain the viscosity index improvers to resist thinning at high temperatures. These additives along with other impurities tend to shear down and boil off as well. All of these factors tend to contribute to oil consumption and depositing.((http:// | * Conventional oils also contain the viscosity index improvers to resist thinning at high temperatures. These additives along with other impurities tend to shear down and boil off as well. All of these factors tend to contribute to oil consumption and depositing.((http:// | ||
| - | | ||
| * **Synthetic oil**: The word " | * **Synthetic oil**: The word " | ||
| Line 489: | Line 477: | ||
| ===== Car Oil vs Motorcycle Oil ===== | ===== Car Oil vs Motorcycle Oil ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * Motorcycles are harder on oils than cars.((http:// | * Motorcycles are harder on oils than cars.((http:// | ||
| * The viscosities of petroleum-based oils, whether designed for auto or motorcycle application, | * The viscosities of petroleum-based oils, whether designed for auto or motorcycle application, | ||
| Line 495: | Line 482: | ||
| ===== Base Oils and Refining ===== | ===== Base Oils and Refining ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * The American Petroleum Institute (API) has categorized base oils into five categories (API 1509, Appendix E). The first three groups are refined from petroleum crude oil. Group IV base oils are full synthetic (polyalphaolefin) oils. Group V is for all other base oils not included in Groups I through IV. Before all the additives are added to the mixture, lubricating oils begin as one or more of these five API groups.((http:// | * The American Petroleum Institute (API) has categorized base oils into five categories (API 1509, Appendix E). The first three groups are refined from petroleum crude oil. Group IV base oils are full synthetic (polyalphaolefin) oils. Group V is for all other base oils not included in Groups I through IV. Before all the additives are added to the mixture, lubricating oils begin as one or more of these five API groups.((http:// | ||
| * There are several different base oils available to formulate motor oils. The base oils used in the 1960’s are what we now call API Group I, although some fall in the high aromatic sub classification and then some in the low aromatic sub-classification (important when discussing additives). Some companies also use their own marketing phrases like “Group 1-1/2” and “Group 2+”. | * There are several different base oils available to formulate motor oils. The base oils used in the 1960’s are what we now call API Group I, although some fall in the high aromatic sub classification and then some in the low aromatic sub-classification (important when discussing additives). Some companies also use their own marketing phrases like “Group 1-1/2” and “Group 2+”. | ||
| Line 508: | Line 494: | ||
| * **Group IV oils** are PAO (Polyalphaolefin) synthetics . These are excellent lubricants but have very low solvency when used by themselves, not mixing well with other oils, additives or contaminants, | * **Group IV oils** are PAO (Polyalphaolefin) synthetics . These are excellent lubricants but have very low solvency when used by themselves, not mixing well with other oils, additives or contaminants, | ||
| * **Group V oils** are everything else synthetic including silicone, phosphate ester, polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyolester, | * **Group V oils** are everything else synthetic including silicone, phosphate ester, polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyolester, | ||
| - | |||
| ==== De-waxing ==== | ==== De-waxing ==== | ||
| - | |||
| * Paraffinic crudes need to be de-waxed. In de-waxing the oil is blended with a solvent with which it is miscible. The mixture is cooled, the N-alkanes will crystallize and can then be filtrated off. The solvent is subsequently removed by distillation.((http:// | * Paraffinic crudes need to be de-waxed. In de-waxing the oil is blended with a solvent with which it is miscible. The mixture is cooled, the N-alkanes will crystallize and can then be filtrated off. The solvent is subsequently removed by distillation.((http:// | ||
| + | |||
| ==== Extraction ==== | ==== Extraction ==== | ||
| * Extraction is one of the oldest methods of removing unstable molecules from a distillate. The oil is mixed with a solvent (SO2 or furfural) that forms a separate phase. Aromatic and hetero-aromatic molecules will to some extent dissolve in the solvent phase and can be removed. Due to the equilibrium between the two phases, the amount of aromatics in the raffinate phase lies between 5 and 11%. After the extraction step, a mild hydrogenation is usually performed.((http:// | * Extraction is one of the oldest methods of removing unstable molecules from a distillate. The oil is mixed with a solvent (SO2 or furfural) that forms a separate phase. Aromatic and hetero-aromatic molecules will to some extent dissolve in the solvent phase and can be removed. Due to the equilibrium between the two phases, the amount of aromatics in the raffinate phase lies between 5 and 11%. After the extraction step, a mild hydrogenation is usually performed.((http:// | ||
| + | |||
| ==== Hydrogenation ==== | ==== Hydrogenation ==== | ||
| * De-waxing and extraction are based on physical methods. Hydrogenation is a chemical conversion of undesirable and environmentally dangerous molecules into harmless compounds. | * De-waxing and extraction are based on physical methods. Hydrogenation is a chemical conversion of undesirable and environmentally dangerous molecules into harmless compounds. | ||
| Line 530: | Line 516: | ||
| ==== Oil Additives ==== | ==== Oil Additives ==== | ||
| - | |||
| * In the 1930s a wax modifier was added to oil to address the problem of wax residue after the refining process. Thus began the use of additives in the formulation of motor oil. Today, motor oils contain a variety of ingredients designed to improve their performance capabilities. ((http:// | * In the 1930s a wax modifier was added to oil to address the problem of wax residue after the refining process. Thus began the use of additives in the formulation of motor oil. Today, motor oils contain a variety of ingredients designed to improve their performance capabilities. ((http:// | ||
| * The more stable the base oil, the less additives are needed. In general a Group II oil will have better performance with 10% less additives than a Group I oil. | * The more stable the base oil, the less additives are needed. In general a Group II oil will have better performance with 10% less additives than a Group I oil. | ||
| * As running time accumulates, | * As running time accumulates, | ||
| - | |||
| | | ||
| **SURFACE PROTECTION ADDITIVES** | **SURFACE PROTECTION ADDITIVES** | ||
| Line 553: | Line 537: | ||
| * **Metal deactivators** are used to reduce catalytic effect of metals on the oxidation rate. | * **Metal deactivators** are used to reduce catalytic effect of metals on the oxidation rate. | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| - | ---- | ||
| ==== Mixing Oils/ Oil Additives ==== | ==== Mixing Oils/ Oil Additives ==== | ||
| Many oil manufacturers publicize that their synthetic oils can be mixed with other synthetics as well as petroleum oils but the practice is discouraged due to the fact that in doing so would alter the additive blend and general base qualities of the mix with possible detrimental effects to your engine. | Many oil manufacturers publicize that their synthetic oils can be mixed with other synthetics as well as petroleum oils but the practice is discouraged due to the fact that in doing so would alter the additive blend and general base qualities of the mix with possible detrimental effects to your engine. | ||
| - | |||
| ---- | ---- | ||
| Line 571: | Line 554: | ||
| === Phosphorus === | === Phosphorus === | ||
| Phosphorus is a key component for wear protection in an engine and 1600ppm (parts per million) used to be the standard for phosphorus in engine oil. In 1996 that was dropped to 800ppm and then more recently to 400ppm - a quarter of the original spec. Valvetrains and their components are not especially cheap to replace and this drop in phosphorus content has been a problem for many engines. So why was the level dropped? Money. Next to lead, it's the second most destructive substance to shove through a catalytic converter. The US government mandated a 150,000 mile lifetime on catalytic converters and the quickest way to do that was to drop phosphorus levels and bugger the valve train problem. | Phosphorus is a key component for wear protection in an engine and 1600ppm (parts per million) used to be the standard for phosphorus in engine oil. In 1996 that was dropped to 800ppm and then more recently to 400ppm - a quarter of the original spec. Valvetrains and their components are not especially cheap to replace and this drop in phosphorus content has been a problem for many engines. So why was the level dropped? Money. Next to lead, it's the second most destructive substance to shove through a catalytic converter. The US government mandated a 150,000 mile lifetime on catalytic converters and the quickest way to do that was to drop phosphorus levels and bugger the valve train problem. | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| === Boron Additives in Oil === | === Boron Additives in Oil === | ||
| - | + | By MolaKule | |
| - | + | ||
| - | By MolaKule | + | |
| * This white paper discusses the mechanics and chemistry of Boron Compounds as additives in Motor Oils, Gear Lubes, and Greases. | * This white paper discusses the mechanics and chemistry of Boron Compounds as additives in Motor Oils, Gear Lubes, and Greases. | ||
| Line 591: | Line 569: | ||
| * Many lubricating oils and greases now contain borates in various forms to reduce wear by the action of these solid borate films, which act as AW and EP additives. When used with the dithiocarbamate family of antimony’s and moly’s, corrosion and antioxidant resistant greases can be formulated as well to provide the same EP and AW qualities. | * Many lubricating oils and greases now contain borates in various forms to reduce wear by the action of these solid borate films, which act as AW and EP additives. When used with the dithiocarbamate family of antimony’s and moly’s, corrosion and antioxidant resistant greases can be formulated as well to provide the same EP and AW qualities. | ||
| * A side benefit of the borates in motor oils and gear lubricants is their action as mild detergents and as acid reducing agents. Their alkili chemistry helps to retain the oil's TBN, or Total Base Number as well. | * A side benefit of the borates in motor oils and gear lubricants is their action as mild detergents and as acid reducing agents. Their alkili chemistry helps to retain the oil's TBN, or Total Base Number as well. | ||
| - | |||
| ---- | ---- | ||
| Line 619: | Line 596: | ||
| * **Direct Reading Ferrograph**: | * **Direct Reading Ferrograph**: | ||
| * Chlorine, Emulsified oil, Grease, On-Spec Waste Oil, PCB analysis (full), PCB screen, Soot, Oil + % Ash, Solvent, Specific Gravity, Sulfur, Total Halogens (TOX), Total Halogens Screen, | * Chlorine, Emulsified oil, Grease, On-Spec Waste Oil, PCB analysis (full), PCB screen, Soot, Oil + % Ash, Solvent, Specific Gravity, Sulfur, Total Halogens (TOX), Total Halogens Screen, | ||
| - | |||
| * **The spectral analysis process itself isn't ' | * **The spectral analysis process itself isn't ' | ||
| Line 626: | Line 602: | ||
| ===== First Step to Getting Used Oil Analyzed ===== | ===== First Step to Getting Used Oil Analyzed ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * There are hundreds of oil testing companies out there. Doing an internet search will provide many different companies to choose from. | * There are hundreds of oil testing companies out there. Doing an internet search will provide many different companies to choose from. | ||
| * Choose one near you or that you feel comfortable with, contact them for a sample kit to be delivered to you. Some of the kits are sent free to you and you'll be charged when the sampling is done but be sure to get that information out in the open first. You can also buy kits around the net and at some auto parts stores. | * Choose one near you or that you feel comfortable with, contact them for a sample kit to be delivered to you. Some of the kits are sent free to you and you'll be charged when the sampling is done but be sure to get that information out in the open first. You can also buy kits around the net and at some auto parts stores. | ||
| Line 632: | Line 607: | ||
| ==== Collecting an Engine Oil Sample For Testing ==== | ==== Collecting an Engine Oil Sample For Testing ==== | ||
| - | |||
| * **Basically, | * **Basically, | ||
| * **While collecting the sample**, try to fill the sample bottle to the recommended quantity on the sample bottle to give the testing company enough to complete all the testing required. But even if you only have 1 oz., at least a few tests can be performed with that. Call the company if you still have questions before sending the sample to them. | * **While collecting the sample**, try to fill the sample bottle to the recommended quantity on the sample bottle to give the testing company enough to complete all the testing required. But even if you only have 1 oz., at least a few tests can be performed with that. Call the company if you still have questions before sending the sample to them. | ||
| Line 643: | Line 617: | ||
| * **Take samples at regularly scheduled intervals** and always from the same sampling point each time. Document the date and odometer readings at each oil change, how much oil you have added to make up since the last oil change as well as when your next one is due. | * **Take samples at regularly scheduled intervals** and always from the same sampling point each time. Document the date and odometer readings at each oil change, how much oil you have added to make up since the last oil change as well as when your next one is due. | ||
| * **The testing company will let you know** of a change in testing/ change intervals if needed based on certain parameters such as a safety risk, failure history or trending condition of your engine. | * **The testing company will let you know** of a change in testing/ change intervals if needed based on certain parameters such as a safety risk, failure history or trending condition of your engine. | ||
| - | |||
| ===== Cost VS Benefit of UOAs ===== | ===== Cost VS Benefit of UOAs ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * A successful oil analysis program requires an organized and sustained effort. "Both the user and the laboratory must work closely together to achieve the desired results" | * A successful oil analysis program requires an organized and sustained effort. "Both the user and the laboratory must work closely together to achieve the desired results" | ||
| * Oil analysis can identify any problems developing in your engine long before they cause you an expensive headache. It allows you to get a good look at the microscopic wear your engine is producing. It Lets you know how far you can go between oil changes without hurting your engine. It also tells you if your oil and air filters are doing a good job.((http:// | * Oil analysis can identify any problems developing in your engine long before they cause you an expensive headache. It allows you to get a good look at the microscopic wear your engine is producing. It Lets you know how far you can go between oil changes without hurting your engine. It also tells you if your oil and air filters are doing a good job.((http:// | ||
| ===== More Reading Material on UOAs ===== | ===== More Reading Material on UOAs ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * Article from Bob's the Oil Guy on Blackstone Lab's processing of oil samples: [[https:// | * Article from Bob's the Oil Guy on Blackstone Lab's processing of oil samples: [[https:// | ||
| * Spectro Scientific "Oil Analysis Handbook": | * Spectro Scientific "Oil Analysis Handbook": | ||
| Line 657: | Line 628: | ||
| ===== Used Oil Analysis Charts ===== | ===== Used Oil Analysis Charts ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * Click on a chart to enlarge. | * Click on a chart to enlarge. | ||
| - | |{{techtalk: | + | |{{techtalk: |
| |2006 Sportster engine oil \\ UOA at 200,000 miles|2016 Sportster primary/ trans \\ oil UOA at 15,000 miles| | |2006 Sportster engine oil \\ UOA at 200,000 miles|2016 Sportster primary/ trans \\ oil UOA at 15,000 miles| | ||
| ====== Oil Viscosity and Testing ====== | ====== Oil Viscosity and Testing ====== | ||
| + | \\ | ||
| ==== SAE Viscosity Grades For Engine Oils ==== | ==== SAE Viscosity Grades For Engine Oils ==== | ||
| ( — 1 mPa-s = 1 cP; 1mm 2/s=1cSt) - All values, with the exception of the low-temperature cranking viscosity, are critical specifications as defined by ASTM D3244 ((https:// | ( — 1 mPa-s = 1 cP; 1mm 2/s=1cSt) - All values, with the exception of the low-temperature cranking viscosity, are critical specifications as defined by ASTM D3244 ((https:// | ||
| Line 690: | Line 660: | ||
| ===== Kinematic Viscosity of Oil ===== | ===== Kinematic Viscosity of Oil ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * Kinematic viscosity is a measure of the resistive flow of a fluid under the influence of gravity. This measurement is generally displayed in most oil manufacturers respective TDS and/or SDS information data. There does seem to be a bit of differences of the " | * Kinematic viscosity is a measure of the resistive flow of a fluid under the influence of gravity. This measurement is generally displayed in most oil manufacturers respective TDS and/or SDS information data. There does seem to be a bit of differences of the " | ||
| * When two fluids of equal volume are placed in identical capillary viscometers and allowed to flow under the influence of gravity, a viscous fluid takes longer than a less viscous fluid to flow through the tube. ((http:// | * When two fluids of equal volume are placed in identical capillary viscometers and allowed to flow under the influence of gravity, a viscous fluid takes longer than a less viscous fluid to flow through the tube. ((http:// | ||
| Line 699: | Line 668: | ||
| ===== Oil Viscosity Index ===== | ===== Oil Viscosity Index ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * The viscosity index was developed by E. Dean and G. Davis in 1929. It is an empirically derived, unitless number. Based on the methodology, | * The viscosity index was developed by E. Dean and G. Davis in 1929. It is an empirically derived, unitless number. Based on the methodology, | ||
| * For machines of constant load, constant speed and constant ambient temperatures, | * For machines of constant load, constant speed and constant ambient temperatures, | ||
| Line 717: | Line 685: | ||
| ===== Boiling Point/ Range ===== | ===== Boiling Point/ Range ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * An oil is a mixture of many different kinds of molecules, each with its own boiling point. | * An oil is a mixture of many different kinds of molecules, each with its own boiling point. | ||
| * Therefore, an oil will boil over a range of temperatures (boiling range). | * Therefore, an oil will boil over a range of temperatures (boiling range). | ||
| Line 723: | Line 690: | ||
| | | ||
| ===== Flash Point ===== | ===== Flash Point ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * The flash point of an oil is specified for safety reasons, but also because it indicates how volatile the oil is. | * The flash point of an oil is specified for safety reasons, but also because it indicates how volatile the oil is. | ||
| * Light parts of the oil determine the flash point which is extremely sensitive to contaminants from lighter oils, such as gas oil or gasoline. | * Light parts of the oil determine the flash point which is extremely sensitive to contaminants from lighter oils, such as gas oil or gasoline. | ||
| Line 730: | Line 696: | ||
| ===== Flash Point VS Boiling Range ===== | ===== Flash Point VS Boiling Range ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * It is at the low temperature area of the boiling range that flash point is determined. A correlation exists between the 5% point in the boiling range and the flashpoint. | * It is at the low temperature area of the boiling range that flash point is determined. A correlation exists between the 5% point in the boiling range and the flashpoint. | ||
| * The lighter the products, the lower the flashpoint. Thus, two oils with the same viscosity (50% point) may have different flash points depending on the shape of the distillation curve at low temperatures.((http:// | * The lighter the products, the lower the flashpoint. Thus, two oils with the same viscosity (50% point) may have different flash points depending on the shape of the distillation curve at low temperatures.((http:// | ||
| Line 754: | Line 719: | ||
| |SB|Not for use in gas-powered automobile engines built after 1963. Use in modern engines may cause unsatisfactory perf./ equipment harm|No Limits|| | |SB|Not for use in gas-powered automobile engines built after 1963. Use in modern engines may cause unsatisfactory perf./ equipment harm|No Limits|| | ||
| |SA|Replaced in 1930. Use in modern engines may cause unsatisfactory perf./ equipment harm|No Limits|| | |SA|Replaced in 1930. Use in modern engines may cause unsatisfactory perf./ equipment harm|No Limits|| | ||
| - | |||
| ^DIESEL^^ | ^DIESEL^^ | ||
| Line 767: | Line 731: | ||
| ===== JASO Oil Specifications ===== | ===== JASO Oil Specifications ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * The JASO Engine Oil Standards Implementation Panel consists of six organizations; | * The JASO Engine Oil Standards Implementation Panel consists of six organizations; | ||
| * Oil companies submit their testing data results to JASO and if approved, their oil data is listed with JASO. JASO assumes no liability for erroneous information submitted by the companies. ((http:// | * Oil companies submit their testing data results to JASO and if approved, their oil data is listed with JASO. JASO assumes no liability for erroneous information submitted by the companies. ((http:// | ||
| Line 791: | Line 754: | ||
| ===== SAE Oil Specifications ===== | ===== SAE Oil Specifications ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * SAE uses numbers to indicate viscosity (flow-ability). Thin oils have low numbers and thick oil has high numbers. A " | * SAE uses numbers to indicate viscosity (flow-ability). Thin oils have low numbers and thick oil has high numbers. A " | ||
| ===== International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Certifications ===== | ===== International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Certifications ===== | ||
| - | |||
| * In 1946, delegates from 25 countries met at the Institute of Civil Engineers in London and decided to create a new international organization to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial standards. On 23 February 1947 the new organization, | * In 1946, delegates from 25 countries met at the Institute of Civil Engineers in London and decided to create a new international organization to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial standards. On 23 February 1947 the new organization, | ||
| * Since- International Organization for Standardization- would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), | * Since- International Organization for Standardization- would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French for Organisation internationale de normalisation), | ||
| Line 814: | Line 775: | ||
| * ACEA defines specifications for engine oils so called ACEA Oil Sequences. The sequences are usually updated every few years to include the latest developments in engine and lubricant technology. ACEA itself does not approve the oils, they set the standards and oil manufacturer' | * ACEA defines specifications for engine oils so called ACEA Oil Sequences. The sequences are usually updated every few years to include the latest developments in engine and lubricant technology. ACEA itself does not approve the oils, they set the standards and oil manufacturer' | ||
| * The first ACEA oil sequences were introduced in 1996 when they replaced the former CCMC specifications. Each version of the ACEA oils sequences has or had a life cycle: | * The first ACEA oil sequences were introduced in 1996 when they replaced the former CCMC specifications. Each version of the ACEA oils sequences has or had a life cycle: | ||
| - | |||
| ^Issue year^First allowable use^Mandatory for new claims^This claim may be marketed until..^ | ^Issue year^First allowable use^Mandatory for new claims^This claim may be marketed until..^ | ||
| Line 849: | Line 809: | ||
| ===== FZG (Gear Oil) Testing | ===== FZG (Gear Oil) Testing | ||
| - | |||
| Testing Methods for Gear Lubricants | Testing Methods for Gear Lubricants | ||
| Line 888: | Line 847: | ||
| ====== Other Reading Material on Engine Oil ====== | ====== Other Reading Material on Engine Oil ====== | ||
| - | |||
| * Here are some links to some other reading material on the subject of oil. | * Here are some links to some other reading material on the subject of oil. | ||
