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REF: Tools & Fasteners

General Drilling and Tapping


Drilling


Use Sharp Drill Bits

Always let the bit do the cutting.
Pressing harder on the drill only flexes the bit. (Broken bits or wallowed out holes to follow).

Just because a bit is new doesn't mean it is sharp or made for the application used on.
There may be quality control issues with a new bit at times that may have been already addressed by the tool maker.
But, not before you bought the bit.

Also, some bits are for general purpose usage and some are material specific.

Dull bits will still drill through most wood and burn through most plastics.
They will also work until they won't on steel and aluminum.
However, for a precision hole (for engine fasteners, helicoils and the like), it's best to make sure they are sharp.

  • The longer the chips, the sharper the bit for the application.
This is an old bit going into a scrap piece of aircraft
billet aluminum. The chips are too fine for a good cut. 1)
These chips are broken into too small of pieces. 2)These chips aren't great.
But they're better than the previous ones. 3)

Grease or Oil the Bits

Make sure to cover drill bits, taps and dies in grease or heavy lube to capture any swarf (shavings) while working.
Back them out, clean and re-lube them periodically to minimize any loose particles getting loose in your work area.
This also helps to control heat buildup.

Lubing bits. 4)

Make a Pilot Hole Before Drilling

  • A drill bit (without a pilot hole) wil want to walk away from the originally intended starting place.
  • A pilot (or center hole) is made with a center punch and a hammer and it establishes where the drill bit enters the piece to be drilled.
Center punch used to make a pilot hole for the drill bit. 5)
  • A pilot does not guarantee a straight hole but rather just where the hole begins.

This hole was drilled starting off center, just a tad, although it looked centered before beginning.
When the bit went down, it found the pilot hole and followed it even though it was not centered with the bit.
In the third pic below, it is obvious that the bit flexed to the pilot hole and began drilling in.
When pulled out and back close to the hole, the offset is revealed.
This starts an off-centered hole and the bit will follow it to the end of the hole or until the bit flexes too far and binds up or breaks. 6)

Drill bit appears to be centered to the pilot. 7)Bit found the pilot and began drilling. 8)Later inspection revealed the pilot was placed off
center from the bit centerline. 9)
  • While using a drill press, watch the end of the bit when first engaging the pilot hole.
    If the bit flexes to the pilot when spinning, it can be noticed before the hole is fully started and you can adjust the piece to the bit center from there.
    (before plunging into the hole)
  • While using a hand drill, the bit will find the pilot center and follow it though at whatever angle the drill is.
Starting a crooked hole with a pilot 10)

Tapping

Make sure to use sharp tap and dies. 11)

Removing a Broken Tap

  • The best way to remove a broken carbon steel tap is to use a small hole punch to the center of the broken tap and smack it with a hammer while exploding the hardened tap. You don't stand a chance at drilling it out without damaging the hole/ threads and chances are since pressure was enough to break the tap, it'll take more pressure than that to remove the broken lil stubby that's left. 12) 13)

SAE and Metric Tap Drill Sizes

Below are standard pre-drill sizes for size taps used. These are common drill sizes and they are sufficient for most applications on a Sportster. 14)

SAE Tap Drill Size Drill Bit Metric Tap Drill Bit
Thread size #/Letter Diameter- in Thread Size Diameter- mm / in
6×32 36 0.1065“ M3 x 0.5 2.50 mm / 0.0984”
#6×40 33 0.1130“ M3.5 x 0.6 2.90 mm / 0.1142”
#8×32
#8-36
29 0.1360“ M4 x 0.7 3.30 mm / 0.1299”
#10×24 25 0.1495“ M4.5 x 0.75 3.70 mm / 0.1457”
#10×32 21 0.1590“ M5 x 0.8 4.20 mm / 0.1654”
#12×24 16 0.1770“ M6 x 1 5.00 mm / 0.1968”
#12×28 14 0.1820“ M7 x 1 6.00 mm / 0.2362”
1/4“x20 7 0.2010” M8 x 1.25 6.70 mm / 0.2638“
1/4”x28 3 0.2130“ M8 x 1 7.00 mm / 0.2756”
5/16“x18 F 0.2570” M10 x 1.5 8.50 mm / 0.3346“
5/16”x24 I 0.2720“ M10 x 1.25 8.70 mm / 0.3425”
3/8“x16 5/16 0.3125” M12 x 1.75 10.20 mm / 0.4016“
3/8”x24 Q 0.3320“ M12 x 1.25 10.80 mm / 0.4252”
7/16“x14 U 0.3680” M14 x 2 12.00 mm / 0.4724“
7/16”x20 25/64 0.3906“ M14 x 1.5 12.50 mm / 0.4921”
1/2“x13 27/64 0.4219” M16 x 2 14.00 mm / 0.5512“
1/2”x20 29/64 0.4531“ M16 x 1.5 14.50 mm / 0.5709”
9/16“x12 31/64 0.4844” M18 x 2.5 15.50 mm / 0.6102“
9/16”x18 33/64 0.5156“ M18 x 1.5 16.50 mm / 0.6496”
5/8“x11 17/32 0..5312” M20 x 2.5 17.50 mm / 0.6890“
5/8”x18 37/64 0.5781“ M20 x 1.5 18.50 mm / 0.7283”
3/4“x10 21/32 0.6562”
3/4“x16 11/16 0.6875”
7/8“x9 49/64 0.7656”
7/8“x14 13/16” 0.8125“
1”x8 7/8“ 0.8750”
1“x12 59/64” 0.9219“
1”x14 15/16 0.9375“


1) , 2) , 3) , 7) , 8) , 9) , 10)
photo by Hippysmack
5) , 6)
photos by Hippysmack
12)
hippysmack
14)
Starrett tap drill sizes chart unless otherwise noted
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